В статье описывается читательский комментарий в электронной версии журнала как жанр интернет-дискурса (на материале немецкого и русского языков), даются определения таким понятиям, как читательский комментарий, интернет-дискурс, устанавливается положение читательского комментария в виртуальной жанровой системе, а также выделяются его характерные черты. Авторами проводится сравнительный анализ читательских комментариев на немецком и русском языках, выявляются сходства и различия в употреблении языковых средств выражения экспрессивности и оценочности, а также агрессивного речевого поведения.
Представлен метод исследования метафор предметной сферы «иммиграция» на примере дискурса СМИ Германии. В первой части статьи описан алгоритм работы с программой контент-анализа данных MAXQDA, позволяющий более эффективно исследовать различные лингвистические аспекты при анализе дискурса. Рассмотрены основные функции программного обеспечения: кодирование элементов в тексте, редактирование системы кодов, графическое выделение фрагментов, автоматический поиск, создание графиков и др. Во второй части статьи проанализированы метафорические модели предметной сферы «иммиграция» с использованием данной программы, а также описан прагматический потенциал их использования в дискурсе СМИ об иммигрантах.
This article is devoted to the concept of norm definition in language communication, the establishing cases of deviation from different types of norms in political communication, and understanding of the language meanings that confirm the violation of the norm in the speeches of German politicians. The speeches of German politicians Sarah Wagenknecht, F.-M. Stritmayer were analysed on the basis of observance and violation of linguistic and communicative norms. Cases of violation of norms in the process of speech action "charges" were revealed. Language norms in German political communication are generally respected. The violation of the communicative norm is most often expressed by confrontational communicative strategy, conflict and speech action "blame", which are verbalized by means of various language tools -lexical, stylistic, syntactic, rhetorical. Speech action "blame" is explicated through negative emotional assessment, criticism of the opponents' actions.
The aim of the work is to study and compare the functional and semantic features of English and Russian infinitives in first aid and personal hygiene instructions. The paper uses such research methods as contextual-semantic analysis, which determines the semantics of words and their mutual influence in the context; structural-semantic analysis, based on the idea of the unity of form and content at the level of language and speech; comparative analysis, aimed at identifying similarities and differences in structures, as well as genre-content characteristics due to the linguistic and cultural features of languages. As a result of the study, the authors came to the following conclusions. Functional and semantic features of the use of the infinitive in this type of medical instruction are determined by the genre specifics of these texts. The use of the infinitive in the instructions of this type is manifested to a different extent that is explained by the different grammatical systems of the languages and the wider use of causative verbs in the Russian language, in the first-person sentences.
This article focuses on the description of impoliteness in computer-mediated communication. The purpose of the study is to identify markers of verbal aggression a way of expressing impoliteness and to analyse the ways in which they are implemented. The material for this study was German-language comments under the Instagram posts of the largest German parties and German politicians who participated in the German Federal Chancellor elections (2021). As the main methods of research were used linguopragmatic and linguocultural types of analysis. In addition, this paper includes a continuous sampling of comments that contain signs of implicit and/or explicit verbal aggression. Then was done a contextual analysis of the selected comments. The analysis revealed that implicit and explicit types of verbal aggression are equally common in the comments under political figures' Instagram posts, and that both types of verbal aggression can be used simultaneously by the authors in the same comment. The most frequent lexical and grammatical means of implementation of verbal aggression were also distinguished. The conclusions drawn during the research can be used in further studies that focus on the peculiarities of realisation of verbal aggression in computer communication as well as in those that focus on speech culture in a computer-mediated communication.
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