The high costs and environmental concerns associated with using marine resources as sources of oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids have prompted searches for alternative sources of such oils. Some microorganisms, among them members of the genus Aurantiochytrium, can synthesize large amounts of these biocompounds. However, various parameters that affect the polyunsaturated fatty acids production of these organisms, such as the carbon and nitrogen sources supplied during their cultivation, require further elucidation. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of different concentrations of carbon and total nitrogen on the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, by Aurantiochytrium sp. ATCC PRA-276. We performed batch system experiments using an initial glucose concentration of 30 g/L and three different concentrations of total nitrogen, including 3.0, 0.44, and 0.22 g/L, and fed-batch system experiments in which 0.14 g/L of glucose and 0.0014 g/L of total nitrogen were supplied hourly. To assess the effects of these different treatments, we determined the biomass, glucose, total nitrogen and polyunsaturated fatty acids concentration. The maximum cell concentration (23.9 g/L) was obtained after 96 h of cultivation in the batch system using initial concentrations of 0.22 g/L total nitrogen and 30 g/L glucose. Under these conditions, we observed the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids production (3.6 g/L), with docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid ω6 concentrations reaching 2.54 and 0.80 g/L, respectively.
ResumoNos últimos anos a produção de carne de frango tem aumentado expressivamente, e como conseqüência tem sido gerada uma maior quantidade de resíduos industriais provenientes do processamento das aves. Estes resíduos agroindustriais são ricos em diversos nutrientes que podem ser utilizados "in natura", mas também podem ser aplicadas técnicas de processamento a fim de proporcionar transformações desejadas sobre as características químicas e físicas, tendo em vista um melhor aproveitamento dos mesmos. Estes subprodutos são ricos em lipídios podendo ser utilizados em diversos produtos, porém geralmente são utilizados na elaboração de rações animais e produtos com baixo valor agregado. Nesta revisão estão sendo abordados os principais aspectos tecnológicos e nutricionais apresentados pelos lipídios derivados da indústria processadora de frango. Alternativas tecnológicas também são apresentadas para solucionar a questão do descarte desse material no meio ambiente.
Palavras-chave: Biocombustível, meio ambiente, resíduos agroindustriais
AbstractIn the last years the production of chicken meat have increased considerably, and as consequence have been generated a larger amount of industrial waste of the poultry processing. These agroindustrial residues are rich in several nutrients that can be used in nature, but may also be applied processing techniques in order to provide transformations desired on the chemical and physical characteristics, in view to a better use of the same ones. These by-product are rich in lipids could be used in several products, however are usually used in the elaboration of animal feed and products with low value. In this review are being approached the principal technological and nutritional aspects presented by the derived lipids of the chicken processing. Technological alternatives are also presented to solve the discard of that material in the environment.
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