Oral cancer is one of the ten leading cancers of the world. In India, it is one of the common cancers and is an important public health problem. Tobacco plays significant role in etiology of oral squamous carcinoma. Tobacco which is chewed or smoked contains many alkaloids which are known carcinogens. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a disease of the Indian subcontinent, which through immigration has a worldwide distribution. Betel nut chewing plays significant role in etiology of OSMF. The nut alkaloids have been shown experimentally to result in stimulation of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in vitro, which can induce precancerous conditions.Materials and Methods:The present study was undertaken to detect nitrate and nitrite factor in saliva of cases with oral carcinoma, OSMF and normal individuals without any habits and to determine whether increased salivary nitrate and nitrite level is significant in oral carcinoma and submucous fibrosis using biochemical parameters.Conclusion:We conclude that the major inducer of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is exposure to tobacco. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidative and nitrosative stress contributes to the development of oral carcinogenesis through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Salivary composition of OSCC patients is substantially altered with respect to free radical-involved mechanisms.
Background:Tooth is the hardest and chemically (except mineral contents) the most stable structure in the body, which makes teeth as the first-rate material for genetic and forensic investigations. Sex determination of skeletal remains forms an important part of archaeological and medicolegal examinations. Hence, the aim of the present study was to analyse the morphometric and dimensional variation between male and female in north Indian population using maxillary arch parameters.Materials and Methods:Fifty male and fifty female patients of age group 18–35 years were randomly selected after taking detail history. All maxillary impressions were made with alginate and poured in type III dental stone. These casts were measured for maxillary inter-canine width, maxillary first inter-premolar width, anteroposterior palatal width and palatal depth using a digital vernier caliper and findings were correlated with sexual dimorphism.Results:The maxillary inter-canine width, maxillary first inter-premolar width, and palatal depth showed a significant difference with P < 0.05 between the means of two populations. Anteroposterior palatal width showed the comparatively less significant difference between two populations.Conclusion:Among north Indian population, maxillary inter-canine width, maxillary first inter-premolar width, and palatal depth can be used for sex assessment. The anteroposterior palatal width parameter is comparatively less significant in sex determination.
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