Until recent times, Indian jugaad was commonly constructed to be a frugal form of innovation engendered from the lack of resources and unhealthy financial conditions, and has been recently imported in the management literature. In this exploratory article, we extend the concept of jugaad to highlight the various facets of jugaad, and illustrate how poor people are applying jugaad, despite their low-levels of literacy, and frugal resources, as a survival strategy. This study discusses Indian jugaad as not only a way of 'making do' but also a methodology that has emerged as a way of survival for consumers at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP). The article mainly focuses on jugaads at a BOP household-level to the level of BOP entrepreneurship. In this article, we cover major innovations that have uplifted the rural livelihood using a series of interviews with BOP consumers, producers, as well as distant observations. We conclude the article with a few key managerial implications and some directions for future research.
Web accessibility is an improving issue but still an issue nonetheless. The Job Assist system documented within this report addresses the accessibility issue by enabling users with visual impairments to access job and salary information using spoken dialogue interaction through a standalone desktop application. This case study provides information on our practical experience developing the system as well as our experience with Microsoft’s Windows Speech API, Bing Speech API and Language Understanding Intelligent Service (LUIS). In our project we were most severely challenged in our attempt to make our system usable by two groups of users, native English speakers and non-native English speakers of Indian origin. We argue that the solutions that we employed to address these challenges may be of value to other practitioners in similar contexts.
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