No abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography has been shown to be an accurate and appropriate tool for measurement of gallbladder volume in humans. Therefore, we applied this novel technique for the first time to study fasting and postprandial gallbladder volume in 10 healthy dogs and compared the results with those of 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography. Fasting gallbladder volumes determined by 3D ultrasonography were significantly higher than corresponding volumes determined by 2D ultrasonography (P<0.01). Additionally, gallbladder volumes were significantly decreased in the postprandial state compared with the fasting state using 3D ultrasonography (P<0.001), but 2D ultrasonography showed no significant difference (P=0.189). The Gallbladder contraction index was higher in 3D ultrasonography than 2D ultrasonography; however, it did not reach statistical significance (P=0.25). In conclusion, 3D ultrasonography was able to measure gallbladder volume in healthy dogs in this study. It is suggested that 3D ultrasonography can be used to accurately estimate gallbladder volume and contractility.

No abstract

Objectives: Cervical cancer is a very common and lethal condition; however, owing to longstanding premalignant lesions, it is possible to prevent morbidity and mortality by screening tests. Pap smear, colposcopy, and biopsy are among the main modalities in this regard, however there is no consensus on the diagnostic utility of the first 2 methods. This study sought to examine the diagnostic utility of Pap smear, colposcopy, and cytology in evaluating the non-benign cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between 2014 and 2016 in an out-patient setting at Alzahra teaching hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining informed consent, all 315 participants with abnormal Pap test underwent colposcopy and biopsy from the abnormal areas. Cervical biopsy was considered as a gold standard and the diagnostic values of Pap smear and colposcopy were individually compared by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio. Results: The mean age of patients was 38.49±10.31 years (17-68 years). On the basis of biopsy findings, non-benign cervical lesions were present in 31 cases (9.8%). Accordingly, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio of Pap smear in revealing non-benign cervical lesions were 77.4%, 69.7%, 21.8%, 95.6%, 70.7%, and 2.55%, and for colposcopy, were 90.3%, 90.9%, 51.9%, 98.9%, 90.8%, and 99.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Based on our results, the colposcopy is a sensitive and specific method in differentiating benign cervical lesions from non-benign cervical lesions. The accuracy of Pap smear is intermediate in this regard, and the utility is limited. Therefore, this method should not be considered as the main criterion for decision making.

Introduction: Medical records contain valuable information about a patient's medical history and treatment. Patient safety is one of the most important dimensions of health care quality assurance and performance improvement. Completing the process of documentation is necessary to continue patient care and continuous quality improvement of basic services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of medical recording education on the quantity and quality of recording in gynecology residents of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This study is a quasi-experimental study and was conducted at Al-Zahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, in 2016. Thirty-two second through fourth year gynecologic residents of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences who were willing to participate in the study were included by census sampling and participated in training workshop. Three evaluators reviewed the residents’ records before and after training course by a checklist. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13 software. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed that before the intervention, there were significant differences in the quantity of information status among the evaluators and no significant difference was observed in the recording of qualitative status. After the workshop, among the 3 evaluators, there were also significant differences in the quantity of data recording status; however, no significant change was observed in recording of qualitative status. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that a sectional training course of correct and standardized medical records has no effect on reforming the process of recording.

No abstract

No abstract

BackgroundConcurrent bleeding or existing clots usually obscure the vision field and decrease the success rate in hysteroscopy. Therefore, any effort to have a clear view during the hysteroscopy will meliorate the diagnostic or treatment outcomes. We examined the effect of preoperative clot evacuation on hysteroscopy and patient outcomes.MethodsIn this parallel-group trial, 114 patients with uterine bleeding were randomly assigned to receive either clot evacuation before standard operative hysteroscopy or standard hysteroscopy alone. The primary endpoints were the clarity of vision, amount of bleeding, the volume of consumed media, duration of the procedure, and postoperative complications.ResultsAll 114 participants completed the study. There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of the clear vision (p < 0.001), the severity of bleeding (p = 0.0006), mean procedure time (p < 0.001), mean serum volume used (p < 0.001), and the postoperative hematocrit levels [95% CI (-3.00, -1.88)] (p < 0.001) between groups. There was no difference related to in-hospital stay (p = 0.081) and anesthetic complications among the patients (p = 0.182). The procedure was successfully performed on all patients of both groups with zero postoperative complications.ConclusionRemoval of clots and other uterine contents before the insertion of the hysteroscope rendered better and faster access to the uterine wall to observe existing abnormalities. This method of starting the hysteroscopy procedure has a significant impact on surgical outcomes.Trial registration: Clinical trial registry name: Iranian Registry of Clinical TrialsUrl: https://en.irct.ir/trial/33369The registration number: IRCT20101130005283N13Date of registration: 2018-11-16