Evaluation of gallbladder volume and contraction index with three-dimensional ultrasonography in healthy dogs

Rahmani, Vahideh; Molazem, Mohammad; Jamshidi, Shahram; Vali, Yasamin; Hanifeh, Mohsen

doi:10.1292/jvms.14-0537

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…In this study, CT measurement of fasting GB volume per body weight (1.14 mL/kg) was larger than the result in a previous study that used two-dimensional US (< 1 mL/kg) [ 13 ]. The results of this study were also larger than those obtained for fasting GB volume in a three-dimensional US study [ 12 ]. On those bases, US was thought to have the tendency to underestimate GB volume than CT.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…GB emptying is considered to have a cleansing effect on biliary passages by emitting stored bile [ 1 17 ]. Inflammation or structural change in the biliary tract can interfere with the flow of bile and impair GB emptying, leading to cholestasis [ 18 12 ]. Cholestasis has an effect on the epithelium of the biliary tract through its prolonged exposure to concentrated bile acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cholestasis has an effect on the epithelium of the biliary tract through its prolonged exposure to concentrated bile acids. As a result, the GB and bile duct can be damaged and become distended [ 1 12 18 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In veterinary medicine, the method used for evaluation of GB and bile duct dilation is generally reported as ultrasonography (US) [ 1 7 12 13 18 ]. US allows relatively easy, cheap, noninvasive and accurate assessment of the biliary system [ 1 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…US evaluation of the common bile duct (CBD) in dogs has been used to evaluate biliary system obstruction, and the diameter of a normal CBD was previously proposed to be 3 mm [ 23 ]. A limitation of US assessments for GB and CBD is its dependence on operator skill and the difficulty in evaluating various GB shapes [ 12 ]. In addition, CBD scanning using US is thought to lack reproducibility due to reverberation artifacts secondary to the presence of intestinal gas and changes in CBD diameter during respiration [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of gallbladder and common bile duct size and appearance by computed tomography in dogs

et al. 2018

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The feasibility of using computed tomography (CT) to identify the common bile duct (CBD) and comparison with ultrasonography (US) results were evaluated in normal beagle dogs and dogs without hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. In addition, CBD diameters were obtained from CT at the level of the porta hepatis and the duodenal papilla level in dogs with underlying diseases that may cause cholestasis. US is a useful modality in the estimation of gallbladder volume because ejection fraction and CBD diameter from US were not significantly different from those of CT. The normal biliary tract was visible on CT images in 68% of the normal dog group. CBD diameter was not over 3 mm and 3.5 mm at the porta hepatis and duodenal papilla levels, respectively in normal dogs weighing less than 15 kg. Dogs suspected to have cholestasis associated with hepatobiliary or pancreatic diseases had significantly larger CBD than that in normal dogs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of gallbladder and common bile duct size and appearance by computed tomography in dogs

et al. 2018

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Evaluation of the ventriculocholecystic shunt—an overview of present practice in adult and pediatric hydrocephalus

2021

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In the context of hydrocephalus, there are a multitude of therapeutic options that can be explored in order to improve patient outcomes. Although the peritoneum is the current elected clinical solution, various receptacles have been utilized when experiencing contraindications. Along with the ventriculoatrial or ventriculopleural, the ventriculocholecystic shunt was also described as an alternative. In order to make a decision on a place for drainage, the surgeon must be knowledgeable on details from modern literature. The main target of this review was to summarize the currently available information on this topic and assess the status of the gallbladder as a viable option for cerebrospinal fluid diversion.

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Investigation of the association between gall bladder wall thickness and hypoalbuminaemia in dogs

Sparago

Rademacher

Dehghanpir

et al. 2021

J of Small Animal Practice

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To assess the correlation between gallbladder wall thickness and serum/plasma albumin concentrations in dogs.Materials and MethOds: Retrospective searches of digital medical record databases were conducted to identify dogs that had either severely low serum/plasma albumin concentration (<1.5 g/dL) or ultrasonographic evidence of gallbladder wall thickening (>2 mm). Analysis of covariance models were used to analyze gallbladder wall thickness with sample type (serum vs plasma), age, etiology, albumin, and albumin ´ etiology as the covariates.results: A total of 216 dogs met inclusion criteria. One-hundred and forty-six dogs had a thickened gallbladder wall (Group 1). Median serum/plasma albumin concentration for dogs in this group was 2.2 g/dL (1 to 5 g/dL), and 84 dogs (57.5%) had hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL). The search for dogs with severe hypoalbuminemia (< 1.5 g/dL) identified 70 dogs (Group 2). In this group, median gallbladder wall thickness was 1.3 mm (0.2 to 6.1 mm) and 17 dogs (24.3%) had a thickened gallbladder wall. Serum/plasma albumin concentration and gallbladder wall thickness were not significantly correlated for Group 1 (r = 0.0044, p = 0.9580) or Group 2 (r = -0.1137, p = 0.3487).A moderate negative correlation (-0.64) was identified between gallbladder wall thickness and albumin concentration in dogs with immune-mediated diseases (p = 0.03). clinical significance: Gallbladder wall thickness and serum/plasma albumin concentration are independent variables in dogs.

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Evaluation of gallbladder volume and contraction index with three-dimensional ultrasonography in healthy dogs

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Evaluation of gallbladder and common bile duct size and appearance by computed tomography in dogs

Evaluation of gallbladder and common bile duct size and appearance by computed tomography in dogs

Evaluation of the ventriculocholecystic shunt—an overview of present practice in adult and pediatric hydrocephalus

Investigation of the association between gall bladder wall thickness and hypoalbuminaemia in dogs

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