The paper aims to test the hypothesis whether high tariffs lead to a high efficiency of electricity suppliers. The authors test this hypothesis on a case of 29 Ukrainian electricity distribution companies. Using the data envelopment analysis and correlation coefficients, grouping the super-efficiency scores, the authors found that in most regions of Ukraine the increase in tariffs no longer leads to increased efficiency. This indicates a weakness of tariff policy in most of the electricity distribution companies. The case showed that rising tariffs can cause a decline in revenue, net income and an increase in accounts payable. This does not allow the electricity distribution companies to provide high efficiency. Apart from this, despite improving the financial performance of most companies, the electricity distribution industry in Ukraine as a whole remains unprofitable. However, the high percentage of foreign investors in this industry indicates a significant potential for increasing the efficiency 126 of Ukrainian energy companies. The government control of the electricity distribution companies more often provides medium efficiency, while the management by foreign investors often provides a high efficiency. The absence of the major owner and the presence of blocking stakes in any investor (government, domestic or foreign investors) has a negative impact on the efficiency of energy companies. Although the case is limited to one country and 29 companies, this study can serve as a model for wider testing of the research hypothesis in other markets and countries.
Artykuł bada zasady legalności, praworządności, reprezentatywności i prawomocności stron i ich przedstawicieli jako podstawowe zasady dialogu społecznego na Ukrainie. Rozważa się utrwalenie takich zasad w aktach międzynarodowych, a także aktach normatywnych ustawodawstwa krajowego Ukrainy. Ujawnienie treści określonych zasad dialogu społecznego odbywa się przez pryzmat ogólnej teorii prawa i rozważania takich podstaw w pokrewnych dziedzinach prawa. Zasady legalności, praworządności, reprezentatywności i prawomocności stron i ich przedstawicieli w dialogu społecznym zbadano jako podstawowe zasady zapisane w ustawie Ukrainy "O dialogu społecznym na Ukrainie". Artykuł ujawnił treść, znaczenie i przedstawił sformułowane przez autora definicje zasad legalności, praworządności, reprezentatywności i prawomocności stron i ich przedstawicieli.Słowa kluczowe: dialog społeczny, zasady dialogu społecznego w sferze pracy, zasada legalności w dialogu społecznym, zasada praworządności w dialogu społecznym, zasada reprezentatywności stron dialogu społecznego, zasada prawomocności stron dialogu społecznego.
Sustainability goals imply not only economic and environmental components, but also a social one. The energy business around the world is profitable and economically viable, but it does not always bring appropriate benefits to a society. Besides, some governments, instead of protecting the interests of the population, turn a blind eye and generate injustice in relation to some parts of society in collaboration with energy companies. This paper examines one of the cases when the authorities pursue an unfair policy and contribute to the growth of inequality in society through regulating the natural gas tariffs. The paper considers a case of natural gas consumption and its unfair taxation by the Ukrainian government, which the authors called “gas tax”. A statistical analysis of this case revealed that honest middle-income taxpayers (middle class) are at the most disadvantageous position because they have to pay for utilities at the highest price. The paper also discusses a number of challenges and ethical issues related to the payment of gas tax. All these challenges should become arguments for revising the gas tax, making it less painful for the people and fair.
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