The situation that has developed on the market of oil products in the conditions of the war with the invaders has led to a shortage of liquid fuels and a constant increase in the price, in particular of diesel fuel, prompting the producers of agricultural products to think about switching to alternative types of fuel. Research related to the production and use of biodiesel fuel is especially relevant in today's conditions. Scientists do not ignore this question, in particular, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University has devoted more than one research topic to the mentioned problem. In more detail, in the mentioned issue, research is being conducted aimed at determining the energy value of the obtained biofuels, namely, the lower calorific value. The purpose of the article is to create a methodology for determining the fatty acid composition of biodiesel fuel and determining its lower heat of combustion, which is necessary for the analysis and evaluation of the energy efficiency of alternative fuels. Research methods are based on D. I. Mendeleev's formula for determining the lower heat of combustion, which is based on data on the percentage content of the elemental composition of the fuel. The calculation of the elemental composition was carried out on the basis of the molecular weight data of the components of biodiesel fuel, which in turn were obtained by chromatographic analysis using a gas-liquid chromatograph. Similar calculations were made in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The article publishes the results of research on two samples of biodiesel fuel, made from two types of raw materials - sunflower and rapeseed oil. A method of determining the fatty acid composition of these samples and determining the lower heat of combustion of biodiesel fuel as a whole and its components has been developed. The results given in the tables can be the basis for further conclusions about the energy value of individual components included in the studied fuel.
The use of supercharged diesel engines improves the combustion process, increases the efficiency of the engine and the overall efficiency of its operation. As a concomitant beneficial effect, there is an increase in the environmental performance of the engine. All of the above factors are particularly relevant for solving the problem of converting so-called "atmospheric" diesel engines into turbocharged engines, and the objects of conversion can be a fleet of old engine models that have not exhausted their resource. The results of the research of this article can be used for the implementation of the association agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other hand, in particular, Chapter 6 and Chapter 17 of Chapter V. The purpose of the article is creation of a methodology for determining turbocharger parameters, based on engine intake process parameters and selection, based on these parameters, of a turbocharger model for conversion of "atmospheric" turbocharged diesels. The research methods are based on the thermal calculation of the Hrynevetsky-Mazing engine, the calculation of the regulatory characteristic of the engine according to the cubic trinomial equation, the determination of the characteristic modes of the engine according to the regulatory characteristic, the calculation of the air consumption by the engine depending on the speed of rotation of the crankshaft in different modes of operation of the engine and the superimposition of the obtained results of the air consumption on the "turbo card" of the turbocharger, which allows you to establish the correspondence of the turbocharger model to the engine brand. Calculations were carried out using the mathematical editor Mathcad and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The results of the obtained calculations and the methodology can be the basis for the development of recommendations for the choice of a turbocharger when converting "atmospheric" diesel engines with turbocharging. Such recommendations will be useful to agricultural producers, in which the tractor fleet has old brands of tractors with non-supercharged engines that have not exhausted their resource.
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