Improvements in technology, patient selection, and patient management have led to a wider clinical application of mechanical circulatory support. Critically ill patients often develop multiorgan ischemia and are prone to multiple complications. Despite these advances, infection is a common and sometimes lethal complication of support with ventricular assist devices. This article provides guidelines for the prevention and management of infection in patients who require such support.
Conventional therapy in the management of adult respiratory distress syndrome is often associated with an increased mortality rate. Several methods to improve survival in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency are under evaluation. One recently developed method of treatment is an implantable intravascular oxygenator, which provides supplemental gas exchange for failing lungs. This device can provide temporary ventilatory support in patients with acute, potentially reversible respiratory insufficiency. Reduction in ventilator settings such as airway pressure, oxygen concentration, positive end-expiratory pressure and minute volume can be achieved, decreasing the likelihood of oxygen toxicity and barotrauma. Success of the intravascular oxygenator in adult respiratory distress syndrome is dependent in part on critical care staff expertise. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the operation of this device and its role in acute respiratory failure is necessary for optimal care.
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