La nature des maladies dans les perceptions traditionnelles des peuples mongols est un phénomène peu étudié qui nécessite une étude approfondie. Dans les croyances des gens de culture traditionnelle toute maladie est considérée comme un écart par rapport à une norme. C’est une mauvaise conséquence d’une perturbation humaine de l’ordre des interactions entre le monde des hommes et le monde des divinités et des esprits, et, comme tel, il est inscrit dans la langue. Traiter une maladie consistait en une « correction» ou élimination magique de la perturbation, suivie par des pratiques et des rites associés à des méthodes thérapeutiques pratiques de type magique elles aussi.
The authors intend to provide an overview of the diaries, travelogues, and correspondence of Austro-Hungarians who traveled to the Asian peripheries of Russia during the Dual Monarchy. We aim to contribute to ongoing discussions on colonial discourses of otherness, as well as to the historical development of ethnographic scholarship in Europe. Travel writing, orientalism, and colonial encounters with Asian otherness are closely intermingling phenomena in the modern era. We argue that the rich corpus of visual and verbal representations of North-, Central-, and Inner-Asian peoples recorded by the subjects of the Dual Monarchy provides instructive examples of colonial encounters with non-colonizers in 19 th century Asia. Furthermore, we believe that these examples will bring forth a more detailed picture of how the ideas born in the centers of German enlightenment (like Völkerkunde) impregnated the intellectual life of more peripheral regions in Europe. As ethnographic scholarship developed within national research traditions rather than in the frame of a monolithic, European intellectual project, our question is whether or not the Dual Monarchy provided a meaningful frame to bridge national research traditions.
Études mongoles et sibériennes, centrasiatiques et tibétaines 46 | 2015 Études bouriates, suivi de Tibetica miscellanea An outpost of socialism in the Buddhist Orient: geopolitical and eugenic implications of medical and anthropological research on Buryat-Mongols in the 1920s Un avant-poste du socialisme dans l'Orient bouddhiste» : implications géopolitiques et eugéniques de la recherche médicale et anthropologique sur les Mongols bouriates dans les années 1920
Based on archival documents, the article traces the history of creating the institute of advisors of the Ministry of Health of the Mongolian People’s Republic. The activity of Soviet doctors I.L. Baevsky, Y.L. Grossman, and M.A. Ibragimov is analyzed. The analysis allows judging about the declared and hidden goals of the Soviet government, that understood what specialists could provide the development of the Mongolian healthcare according to the Soviet model in the conditions of political and social turbulence. The personal files and documents of the advisors preserved in the archives showed their preparedness for possible challenges and problems in building a new health care system for Mongolia. The problems that the advisors of the Ministry of Health of Mongolia encountered in the course of their work are highlighted.
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