No abstract
The carrying out of the extensive hydropower and water management construction programs contemplated in the first flve-year plan for development of the national economy of the USSR called for increase in the number and improvement of the training level of hydraulic engineering specialists. In this connection, in the 1929/1930 academic year, on the initiative of Academician I. G. Aleksandrov and Professors E. V.
Present-day development of agriculture, which is characterized by the creation of major hydrotechnical complexes for supplying water to industrial and agricultural regions and the opening up of lands in the southern and eastern parts of the country, creates a continually growing demand for water, which necessitates the construction of a large number of highly efficient water-supply syst~,~ to serve power, industry, and agriculture.The most important components of such systems are hlgh-duty pumping stations equipped with large axial pumps whose parameters and engineering-economlc indices in many ways determine the reliability, longevity, and efficiency of electric power station operation, and industrial and agricultural undertakings. The power-consumption characteristics and operational indices of pumps are, in turn, affected significantly by the wear of their working parts. The wear of elements of high-duty axial pumps, resulting from abrasion by suspended sediments and cavitation, leads to a deterioration in their working conditions, a reduction of efficiency, and, in the final analysis, to an increased consumption of electricity. Repairs to restore worn components of the flow-through part of pumps usually require a considerable input of labor, materials, and time. In this connection, the problem of developing methods to increase the reliability and durability of axial pumps is extremely pressing and is of major importance to the national economy.Many investigations have been devoted to studies of the laws governing the wear of hydraulic machinery, and their basic principles are fairly fully covered in [i, 2, 3]. However, some questions of practical importance, connected with the cavitational-abrasive destruction of axial pumps which had been designed for pumping water containing suspended particles amounting to i g/llter [4], under conditions of high turbidity, remain unsolved.This article presents some results of an experimental investigation of the hydroabrasive wear of components of the flow-through part of an axial pump under various operational regimes. The tests were conducted on a stand of the open circulation type, using an axialpump model with a 350-mm diameter.Wear of the pump impeller was evaluated from the loss of mass (AG, mg) of two removable blades manufactured from Silumin AL-gV. For evaluating wear of the impeller chamber, 12-mmdiam. cylindrical specimens were used, installed flush with the internal surface of the chamber. The degree of wear of the deflector was determined from the disintegration of flat specimens i00 • 80 mm, also of Silumin which were located in the deflector blades. The length of each test was 5 h and was established experimentally, based on the hard particles retaining their abrasive properties. River sand taken from the settling basin of the Major Fergansk canal was used for the abrasive material. The adopted concentration of p = i0 g/liter and size d r < 0.50 mm of the abrasive particles approached most closely the natural conditions for pumping stations in the Central As...
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