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Aim. The purpose of the article is to study the physical development and physical fitness of students of the III functional group under lack of physical activity and in the conditions of organized classes in a technical university. Materials and methods. The sample included 11 490 full time students (6051 males and 5439 females) aged 17–21 years. The study of physical development and physical fitness was conducted in two stages. In all participants, anthropometric and physiometric health data were recorded. These data were studied in dynamics from the 1st to the 4th year. The obtained data were examined stage-by-stage during the academic year and vacation period. Results. Significant differences were obtained in the physical development of girls in terms of weight and height by the end of the third year. The values of the Stange and Gench tests improved by the end of the first year. However, by the end of the second year, the negative dynamics was detected. The results of the Genchtest significantly improved by the end of the fourth year. The study of physical fitness revealed significant positive dynamic in the development of speed and a significant decrease in strength preparedness by the end of the fourth year. By the end of the first year, strength endurance became significantly higher compared with the data obtained at the time of the beginning of training. By the end of the third year endurance decreased significantly. Conclusion. Young people who regularly engage in physical activity during the first two years at the university have a positive trend in most indicators of physical development and physical fitness. Lack of motor activity, caused by a decrease in the number of classes provided for by the general education program, significantly affects endurance, speed, the development of strength (static endurance of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and dynamic strength of the muscles of the lower extremities), speed and strength qualities (6th and 8th semesters), flexibility.
Purpose. To make a comparative analysis and evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercises in a technical university and departmental university of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Material and methods. The study involved male students (1 functional group of health) of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University (Russia, n = 1380) and cadets of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Russia, n = 762). Cadets studied at 1, 2 and 3 courses. The characteristics of physical preparation and the functional condition of students and cadets were analyzed. Results. During the training period, most indicators of cadets' physical preparation significantly exceed their values in students. This is due to the preliminary selection of candidates for training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It is also associated with a expressed training orientation of the process of physical preparation. The dynamics of the values of the indicators of the functional condition of the body of cadets is characterized by a high price of adaptation to physical activity. This can lead to the occurrence of pre-pathological conditions and pathological processes of the cardiovascular system. Conclusions. The dynamics of the values of indicators of physical preparation of students and cadets cannot be the only objective criterion for the effectiveness of the system of their physical education. For its full assessment, it is necessary to analyze the parameters of the functional condition of the body, characterizing the reaction to physical activity. Cadets have a great adaptation to physical activity. In this case, it cannot be concluded that the physical training of cadets is more effective.
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