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Human diseases such as cancer can be caused by aberrant epigenetic regulation. Polyphenols play a major role in mammalian epigenome regulation through mechanisms and proteins that remodel chromatin. In fruits, seeds, and vegetables, as well as food supplements, polyphenols are found. Compounds such as these ones are powerful anticancer agents and antioxidants. Gallic acid, kaempferol, curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, among others, have potent anti-tumor effects by helping reverse epigenetic changes associated with oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. The role dietary polyphenols plays in restoring epigenetic alterations in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications was summarized. We also discussed how these natural compounds modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in cancer. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer since they modulate epigenetic activity.

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Context: Frequent monitoring of glucose is important in the management of diabetes. A noninvasive painless technique was used to detect glucose levels with the use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Aims: The aim of our study was to correlate the blood glucose levels with stimulated and unstimulated salivary samples and also to assess the reliability of using salivary glucose in diagnosing and monitoring the blood glucose levels in gestational diabetic patients. Settings and Design: The study was conducted among 100 clinically healthy nondiabetic individuals and 99 individuals suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Subjects and Methods: Fasting blood glucose estimation and postprandial salivary glucose estimation were done in stimulated and unstimulated salivary samples using glucose oxidase/peroxidase method. Statistical Analysis Used: Data obtained were subjected to normality test, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The correlation between blood and salivary glucose levels was evaluated using Pearson's correlation test. Results: A positive correlation was obtained for stimulated and unstimulated salivary samples in fasting and postprandial conditions. Linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were plotted, and the optimal cutoff value for unstimulated and stimulated salivary glucose under fasting conditions was 5.1 mg/dl and 5.4 mg/dl, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for unstimulated and stimulated salivary glucose was 8.8 mg/dl and 9.3 mg/dl, respectively, in postprandial conditions. Conclusions: Saliva appears to be a reliable biofluid to assess the blood glucose levels and can definitely be a reliable alternative to blood glucose in GDM patients.