A field trial was conducted to study the dissipation kinetics of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC on cowpea fruits. The fruit samples drawn periodically were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass detection (LC-MS/MS). The initial residues of chlorantraniliprole in cowpea fruits were found to be 0.55 mg kg(-1) which dissipated rapidly, with a half-life of 1.31 days and a waiting period of 0.62 days following first order kinetics. Processing of the fruits with solutions commonly used in households reduced the insecticide residues on cowpea fruits harvested 2 h after spraying by 47.19 %-91.70 % and 44.56 %-91.25 % on fruits plucked on the third day.
A single laboratory UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the estimation of fipronil and its metabolites in fresh and dry chilli pepper fruits. Dissipation of fipronil on chilli fruits was studied following the application of fipronil (Jump 80 WG) at 40 and 80 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1) in the fruiting stage of the crop. The initial deposits of total fipronil on fresh chilli fruits at single and double dose application were 0.69 and 1.43 μg g(-1), respectively, and were dissipated to below quantitation level at 27 days after application. The half-life of fipronil at single and double dose in fresh chilli pepper was 4.22 and 4.32 days and the waiting period was 25.9 and 30.6 days, respectively. Processing factor due to sun drying was calculated by measuring fipronil residues in dry chilli fruits, and it ranged from 2.96 to 3.50 during 0 to 21st day after application. Among the metabolites of fipronil, fipronil desulfenyl and fipronil sulfone had maximum residues in fresh and dried chilli, respectively, followed by fipronil sulfide. Dipping in solutions of tamarind, turmeric, vinegar and slaked lime and wet scrubbing could remove more than 90% of fipronil residues in fruits.
Dissipation and decontamination of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 18.5 SC) in brinjal and okra fruits were studied following field application at single and double doses of 30 and 60 g ai ha(-1), and the residues of the insecticide was estimated using LC-MS/MS. Initial residues of chlorantraniliprole at single and double doses on the fruits of brinjal were 0.72 and 1.48 mg kg(-1), while on okra fruits, the residues were 0.48 and 0.91 mg kg(-1), respectively. The residues reached below detectable level of 0.01 mg kg(-1) on the 10th day. Half-life of chlorantraniliprole at 30 and 60 g ai ha(-1) on brinjal was 1.58 and 1.80 days with the calculated waiting period of 0.69 and 2.38 days, whereas on okra, the values were 1.60 and 1.70 and 0 and 1.20 days, respectively. The extent of removal of chlorantraniliprole using simple decontaminating techniques at 2 h and 3 days after spraying was 40.99-91.37% and 29.85-89.12%, respectively, from brinjal fruits and 47.78-86.10% and 41.77-86.48%, respectively, from okra fruits.
Dissipation and decontamination of the semisynthetic macrolide emamectin benzoate and the natural insecticide spinosad on cowpea pods were studied following field application at single and double doses of 11.0 and 22 and 73 and 146 g ai ha(-1), respectively. Residues of these naturalytes were estimated using LC-MS/MS. The initial deposit of 0.073 and 0.153 mg kg(-1) of emamectin benzoate dissipated below quantitation level on the fifth and seventh day at single and double dosage, respectively. For spinosad, the initial deposits of 0.94 and 1.90 mg kg(-1) reached below quantitation level on the 7th day and 15th day at single and double dosage, respectively. The half-life of emamectin benzoate and spinosad was 1.13-1.49 and 1.05-1.39 days with the calculated safe waiting period of 2.99-6.12 and 1.09-3.25 days, respectively, for single and double dosage. Processing of the harvestable pods with different decontamination techniques resulted in 33.82 to 100 % removal 2 h after the application of emamectin benzoate and 100 % removal 3 days after spraying, while the removal was 42.05 to 87.46 % 2 h after the application of spinosad and 38.05 to 68.08 % 3 days after application.
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