A field trial was conducted to study the dissipation kinetics of chlorantraniliprole 18.5 % SC on cowpea fruits. The fruit samples drawn periodically were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass detection (LC-MS/MS). The initial residues of chlorantraniliprole in cowpea fruits were found to be 0.55 mg kg(-1) which dissipated rapidly, with a half-life of 1.31 days and a waiting period of 0.62 days following first order kinetics. Processing of the fruits with solutions commonly used in households reduced the insecticide residues on cowpea fruits harvested 2 h after spraying by 47.19 %-91.70 % and 44.56 %-91.25 % on fruits plucked on the third day.
Dissipation and decontamination of chlorantraniliprole (Coragen 18.5 SC) in brinjal and okra fruits were studied following field application at single and double doses of 30 and 60 g ai ha(-1), and the residues of the insecticide was estimated using LC-MS/MS. Initial residues of chlorantraniliprole at single and double doses on the fruits of brinjal were 0.72 and 1.48 mg kg(-1), while on okra fruits, the residues were 0.48 and 0.91 mg kg(-1), respectively. The residues reached below detectable level of 0.01 mg kg(-1) on the 10th day. Half-life of chlorantraniliprole at 30 and 60 g ai ha(-1) on brinjal was 1.58 and 1.80 days with the calculated waiting period of 0.69 and 2.38 days, whereas on okra, the values were 1.60 and 1.70 and 0 and 1.20 days, respectively. The extent of removal of chlorantraniliprole using simple decontaminating techniques at 2 h and 3 days after spraying was 40.99-91.37% and 29.85-89.12%, respectively, from brinjal fruits and 47.78-86.10% and 41.77-86.48%, respectively, from okra fruits.
Dissipation and decontamination of the semisynthetic macrolide emamectin benzoate and the natural insecticide spinosad on cowpea pods were studied following field application at single and double doses of 11.0 and 22 and 73 and 146 g ai ha(-1), respectively. Residues of these naturalytes were estimated using LC-MS/MS. The initial deposit of 0.073 and 0.153 mg kg(-1) of emamectin benzoate dissipated below quantitation level on the fifth and seventh day at single and double dosage, respectively. For spinosad, the initial deposits of 0.94 and 1.90 mg kg(-1) reached below quantitation level on the 7th day and 15th day at single and double dosage, respectively. The half-life of emamectin benzoate and spinosad was 1.13-1.49 and 1.05-1.39 days with the calculated safe waiting period of 2.99-6.12 and 1.09-3.25 days, respectively, for single and double dosage. Processing of the harvestable pods with different decontamination techniques resulted in 33.82 to 100 % removal 2 h after the application of emamectin benzoate and 100 % removal 3 days after spraying, while the removal was 42.05 to 87.46 % 2 h after the application of spinosad and 38.05 to 68.08 % 3 days after application.
On page 342 Figure 40, the map published in the original publication contained errors in the political boarder of the People's Republic of China. Correct map as below:
The field trials were conducted at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani to determine the efficacy of eight new generation insecticides viz., emamectin benzoate 5SG @10 g a.i. ha-1, spinosad 45 SC @ 75 g a.i. ha-1, novaluron 10 EC @ 100 g a.i.ha-1, chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 30 g a.i. ha-1, indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 60 g a.i. ha-1, fipronil 80 WG @ 50 g a.i. ha-1, thiodicarb 75 WP@ 750 g a.i. ha-1 and flubendiamide 480 SC@ 100 g a.i. ha-1 against fruit borers of brinjal and okra. Two conventional insecticides (carbaryl 50 WP @ 750 g a.i. ha-1 and malathion 50 EC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1) and an untreated control were maintained as check. Damages to brinjal and okra fruits were reduced by 45.96 to 72.21 per cent and 44.34 to 83.26 per cent, espectively by these new generation insecticides. Chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate and flubendiamide recorded more than 60 per cent reduction in fruit damage in brinjal, and chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide and indoxacarb with more than 70 per cent reduction in fruit damage in okra were superior. The yield was also significantly high in these treatments in the two crops. All the insecticides were compatible with Beauveria bassiana (Blas.) Vuill, and Metarhizhium anisopliae (Metsch). Flubendiamide and carbaryl inhibited the growth of Lecanicillium (Verticillium) lecanii Humber.
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