Introduction. Golden dock (Rumex maritimus L.) is a poorly studied annual plant from the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae Juss.), used by the peoples of South-East Asia to treat a number of diseases. The methanol extract of golden dock has several beneficial properties, including antibacterial activity. At the same time, the chemical composition of the plant is studied fragmentarily. Aim. To determine the qualitative composition of the aerial part of golden dock by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and Methods. The dried aerial part of the plant at the stage of flowering and the beginning of fruiting was crushed and extracted with 95% ethanol. Ethanol was distilled off, and the extraction was treated sequentially with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. We analyzed the obtained fractions and the aqueous residue of ethanol extraction after removal by reversed-phase HPLC. Compounds were identified using standard samples and literature data on the spectral characteristics of substances. Results. Phytochemical analysis of the aerial part of golden dock by reversed-phase HPLC showed the presence of such substances as anthraquinones, flavonoids, stilbenes, phenolic acids. In the chloroform fraction, anthracene derivatives of emodin, chrysophanol, fiscion, isochrysophanol, the flavonoid vogeletin were identified; in the ethyl acetate fraction – phenolic acids: gallic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, trans-stilbene derivative resveratrol, as well as the flavonoids rutin and quercetin; in the butanol fraction – caffeic acid and catechin; in the aqueous residue – epigallocatechin-3-gallate and epicatechin-3-gallate.
Демиелинизирующие заболевания (ДЗ) являются самой распространенной причиной серьезных физических ограничений среди взрослых пациентов трудоспособного возраста. Тяжесть клинической картины и невозможность полного излечения заставляют врачей прибегать к альтернативной медицине для облегчения симптомов заболевания. На сегодняшний день наиболее доступной и известной альтернативой в лечении ДЗ является фитотерапия. Популярность препаратов на основе природного биологически активного сырья среди пациентов обусловливает необходимость поиска достоверно безопасных и эффективных препаратов, которые могут быть рекомендованы лечащим врачом и научным сообществом. Распространение знаний о фитопрепаратах среди практикующих врачей не менее важно, так как это позволит неврологам и терапевтам давать пациентам рекомендации с большей долей достоверности. Обзор позволил определить ряд природных биологически активных веществ, которые доказали свою эффективность в отношении снижения воспаления и иммунной аутоагрессии, выступая в качестве дополнения к патогенетической терапии. Определена антиоксидантная активность гуминовых веществ сапропелей Омского Прииртышья, даны рекомендации по возможному использованию этих природных соединений в комплексной терапии рассеянного склероза. Растущая доказательная база, проведение новых клинических испытаний и результаты практикующих врачей дают надежды на дальнейшее активное развитие этого направления фарминдустрии. Ключевые слова: растительное сырье, демиелинизирующие заболевания, рассеянный склероз, фитотерапия, комбинированное лечение, гуминовые вещества.
Introduction. Golden dock (Rumex maritimus L., Polygonaceae) is used as a medicinal and food plant in Asian countries. The plant contains phytochemicals of various classes: flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones etc. Plant extracts exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, astringent activity, and have antidiabetic potential. The plant is annual, and most of the biologically active substances accumulate in its aboveground organs. An important problem is the standardization of Rumex maritimus and the development of regulatory documentation for its the introduction to medical practice.Aim. To conduct phytochemical analysis of the aerial part of golden dock.Materials and methods. Air-dried aerial part of Rumex maritimus collected at flowering and beginning of fruiting stage, as well as individual above-ground organs (leaves, flowers, fruits, stems), were used for obtaining the extracts. Qualitative analysis of the extracts was carried out using reverse phase HPLC. The relative content of the components in the mixture was calculated by the method of simple normalization. Total content of free anthraquinones and anthraglycosides in terms of chrysophanic acid was determined using spectrophotometric method after acid hydrolysis. Total tannin content was calculated by titrimetric method.Results and discussion. Flavonoids isoquercetin and avicularin were first discovered in the aerial part of Rumex maritimus. The dominant component of the plant is rutin. Chrysophanol predominates among anthraquinones. The highest concentration of anthraquinones (2.80 ± 0.04 %) was found in flowers. Tannins accumulate mainly in leaves (9.97 ± 0.02 %). A significant amount of tannins (6.60 ± 0.03 %) and anthracene derivatives (1.96 ± 0.03 %) is contained in the whole aerial part.Conclusion. Phytochemical analysis of the aerial part of Rumex maritimus showed the presence of a significant amount of anthraquinones. As a plant raw material it is proposed to use the herb of Rumex maritimus. Standardization is recommended for anthraquinones in terms of chrysophanic acid (at least 1.5 %).
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