Russian migration policy is going through a period of serious transformations. After a long preparatory period, the Ministry of Internal Affairs plans to present an updated version of the Basic Law in the field of migration by the end of this year. The pandemic also significantly affected migration processes and, first of all, labor migration. The system of regulation of external labor migration requires a significant update of approaches to the interaction of its constituent parts, goals, and objectives in modern conditions. The need to move from a “reactive” policy (reaction to ongoing changes) to a program-targeted principle of building a system of proactive actions based on a real assessment of the situation, a balanced forecast of its development, goals, and objectives of the current and future migration policy is becoming more obvious. This research is devoted to the analysis of the current role and place of external labor migration. Insufficient attention is paid to the external labor migration in the domestic scientific literature, while this segment is provided with the most complete information base (Ministry of Labor of Russia). The article presents an analysis of the mechanism for reducing this segment of labor migration, its conditionality both by the scale of demand for labor migrants and by targeted actions to limit their presence in the country. The author pays particular attention to the territorial distribution of labor migrants by region, and their professional qualifications. As a result, it was concluded that it is necessary to improve the procedures for determining the need for foreign labor at the regional level and that there are no prerequisites for the transition from the system of quotas to patents. The models of migration regulation that have taken shape in the world include a similar set of tools that complement each other in response to changes in demand and supply in the labor market. Abandoning sufficiently effective instruments, such as quotas, which are widely used around the world, can bring immediate benefits, but ultimately lead to serious problems.
The article is based on the study results of the role of labor migrants from the post-Soviet countries in meeting the needs of Russian households in different services. The aim of the work is to analyze the structure of national contingents and the specifics of the services provided by labor migrants from specific CIS countries. The author used statistical and sociological methods of data analysis and a comparative analysis of data from various statistical sources on the problems of labor migration in Russia. The empirical base of the study is the second sample survey in the Rosstat modern history “Results of sample statistical observation of migrant labor. 2019", and the comparison with official statistics. Along with the introduction of previously unused data from a large-scale study conducted by Rosstat into scientific circulation, the author reveals the specifics of the sectoral distribution of immigrants from nine post-Soviet countries. The author concludes that the significant concentration of labor migrants in a certain range of industries providing services to households (i.e., actually to the population) mainly includes construction and repairs, cleaning, various types of agricultural work and transport services. Employment in other sectors is less widespread, which largely correlates with the professional and qualification structure of labor migrants. National preferences for employment in certain sectors are also observed. The author analyses the features of hiring migrants both by households and by members of households as entrepreneurs. It was revealed that the latter attract a limited number of labor migrants, since they are, first of all, individual entrepreneurs representing small and microenterprises. The study results may be of further use to federal and regional executive bodies responsible for the development and implementation of state policy in the field of regulation of external labor migration flows, open up prospects for more reliable forecasting of the balance of supply and demand for foreign labor.
The subject of the study is the trends and prospects for the development of national migration flows in the post-Soviet space in modern conditions. The purpose of the paper is to identify the degree of stability of the migration flows that have formed in the post- Soviet space now under the influence of a series of unforeseen circumstances. The relevance of the study is due to the growing impact of unforeseen and massive natural and political phenomena on migration flows as the main drivers of cross-border mobility. The research methods are analysis, systematization, synthesis, and classification of the objects under study. The study attempts to assess the impact of the pandemic and recent political upheavals on the scale of migration to Russia. The author concludes that the current migration system within the CIS countries has demonstrated a high level of stability and resilience. The practical interest of the study is determined by the possibility of using the research data for the purposes of forecasting and planning the scale and structure of attracting foreign labor to Russia.
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