Introduction. At the prenosological level, the impact of vocational training conditions on the indices of health and the quality of life of college students who master groups of occupations that are different in nature and working conditions was assessed. Material and methods. A survey of 1- and 3-year students engaged in vocational secondary education with conditionally “light” (woodworking and restoration) and “difficult” (welders and car mechanics) conditions of work practice was conducted. The questionnaire of quality of life (MOS SF-36) was used, medical and social status was assessed (complaints, the presence of chronic diseases, assessment of well-being, the severity of fatigue, ARVI morbidity rate). The results are processed according to the standard software package using evidence-based medicine. Results. There were obtained marked differences in the nature of the influence of learning conditions on the health and quality of life of students undergoing industrial training in different hygienic conditions. The impact of training and production load during the development of conditionally “light” professions was accompanied by an increase in the health index of graduates, a decrease in the frequency of complaints of headaches and pain associated with ARVI, an increase in undifferentiated complaints. Indices of the quality of life were characterized by an increase in role-based physical functioning (RPF) and a decrease in mental health (MH), which was correlated with increased fatigue. When teaching “hard” occupations in 3-year students, there was an increase in the total number of complaints, complaints of weakness, complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), musculoskeletal system and other (undifferentiated) complaints. Indicators of quality of life decreased according to two parameters of physical health (RPF and GIT) and two parameters of mental health (role emotional functioning and MH). conclusion. The significant contribution of occupational training to the deterioration of functional capabilities and the quality of life associated with health is shown for college graduates who learn occupations a profession with “hard” working conditions. Attention is drawn to new forms of the implementation of vocational training in the dual (practice-oriented) training system with an increase in production training time at the workplaces of enterprises, as well as issues of improving the medical support system for students in vocational colleges.
Background: The wide use of digital tools in teaching requires a hygienic assessment of their impact on the health and lifestyle of students. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the digital environment on the health and lifestyle of adolescents, depending on the duration of use of electronic learning tools in educational and leisure activities. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire-based survey of 111 high school and college students was conducted to establish their screen time in the educational process, when performing homework and at leisure, as well as indicators of wellbeing and lifestyle and health complaints. In addition, learning conditions in college computer classes, such as illumination, microclimate, air ionization, levels of electromagnetic fields, airborne concentrations of phenol and formaldehyde were assessed. Modern statistical methods (Student’s t-test, chi-squared test) and methods of evidence-based medicine were applied. Results and discussion: Almost 66 % of the respondents reported using electronic teaching aids (a computer or laptop) at school three or more times a week and severer symptoms of fatigue after such classes. Complaints typical of adult professional users were not common in adolescents, except for visual impairment over the past year (48.6 %). In computer classes, microclimate parameters were far from being optimal: illumination was lower than the regulated values; the levels of electromagnetic fields, ionization, and indoor air concentrations of phenol and formaldehyde were comparable to the appropriate standard values. We observed a high involvement of adolescents in the use of digital tools at home for educational purposes and especially at leisure. The intensive use of Internet (more than 4 hours a day) was associated with frequent complaints of headaches, visual impairment, sleep disorders, and poor self-assessment of the physical shape that may be attributed to the established decreasing number of teenagers engaged in physical culture and sports. Conclusion: The length of time spent in the Internet space for homework and leisure activities affects students’ health and lifestyle. This indicates the need to develop and implement preventive and educational programs for adolescents in order to minimize health risks posed by digital environment and confirmed by outcomes of distance learning.
Опросы позволили оценить предпочтения современных подростков в выборе пути продолжения образования, сфер будущей профессиональной деятельности, потребности в профессиональной ориентации с учетом состоя-ния здоровья. Показаны медико-социальные последствия несфомированного профессионального самоопределе-ния. Обоснована необходимость совершенствования работы в средней школе по проведению профессиональной ориентации в условиях изменения профессиональных интересов и намерений учащихся. Ключевые слова: подростки, старшеклассники, профессиональная ориентация подростков, врачебная профес-сиональная консультация, охрана здоровья подростков.Введение. В настоящее время дефицит вы-сококвалифицированных рабочих и техников яв-ляется одним из факторов, сдерживающих эконо-мическое развитие целых отраслей, и вопросы подготовки квалифицированных рабочих кадров и специалистов среднего звена остаются ключе-вой задачей для инновационно-технологического развития страны [1]. В связи с этим в современной демографической ситуации при снижении числа лиц подросткового возраста и сохраняющихся тенденциях ухудшения состояния здоровья [2] во-просы профессиональных предпочтений выпуск-ников школ и выбора пути продолжения образо-вания являются актуальными.Цель исследований -изучение направлен-ности профессионального выбора старшекласс-ников и их подготовленности к осознанному вы-бору профессии с учетом состояния здоровья.Материалы и методы. Мониторинговые исследования проводились в 2012 и 2016 гг.Опрошено более 1,5 тыс. учащихся 9-11-х классов школ и колледжей профессионального образова-ния г. Москвы. Использовались авторские ан-кеты, для скрининговой оценки состояния здоро-вья применялся опросник международной про-граммы «InterAdol» [3]. Статистическая обработка проводилась с использованием стандартных компьютерных программ (Microsoft Office Excel, Statistica 7.0), достоверность различий оценивалась по непараметрическому критерию Хи-квадрат.Результаты и их обсуждение. Сравнитель-ная оценка процесса формирования профессио-нального самоопределения показала, что около 70% учащихся старших классов как в 2012 г., так и в 2016 г., определились с выбором направления будущей профессиональной деятельности. В 2012 г. предпочтения старшеклассников были следую-щими: медицина и ветеринария заняли первое ме-сто (11,5% ответов), далее следовали педагогика The Journal of scientific articles "Health and Education Millennium", 2017. Vol. No 5Журнал включен в Перечень рецензируемых научных изданий ВАК ~ 13 ~ и психология (9,2%), экономика и финансы (7,9%), IT-технологии (6,9%), инженерные про-фессии (6,5%). Интерес к предпринимательской деятельности был указан только 5,8% учащихся.К 2016 г. первое место в выборе старше-классников заняли IT-технологии, что вполне от-вечает росту распространенности этого направле-ния во всех сферах экономической деятельности. Второе место сохранили педагогика и психоло-гия, на третье место вышли творческие профессии (художник, декоратор, сценарист, музыкант т.п.) -7,6% с ростом в 1,5 раза, на четвертом месте ме-дицина и ветеринар...
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