If the next fundamental level of matter occurs (preons) then dark matter must consist of familons containing a "hot" component from massless particles and a "cold" component from massive particles. During evolution of the Universe this dark matter was undergone to latetime relativistic phase transitions temperatures of which were different. Fluctuations created by these phase transitions have had a fractal character. In the result of the structurization of dark matter (and therefore the baryon subsystem) has taken place and in the Universe some characteristic scales which have printed this phenomenon arise naturally. Familons are collective excitations of nonperturbative preon condensates which could be produced during more early relativistic phase transition. For structurization of dark matter (and baryon component) three generations of particles are necessary. The first generation of particles has produced the observed baryon world. The second and third generations have produced dark matter from particles which have appeared when symmetry among generations was spontaneously broken.
Shortly the vacuum component of the Universe from the geometry point of view and from the point of view of the standard model of physics of elementary particles is discussed. Some arguments are given to the calculated value of the cosmological constant (Zeldovich approximation). A new component of space vacuum (the gravitational vacuum condensate) is involved the production of which has fixed time in our Universe. Also the phenomenon of vacuum selforganization must be included in physical consideration of the Universe evolution.Comment: 8 page
We propose that the Universe was created from ''nothing'' with a relatively small number of particles and quickly relaxed to a quasiequilibrium state at the Planck parameters. The classic cosmological solution for this Universe with a ⌳ term has two branches divided by a gap. The quantum process of tunneling between the cosmological solution branches and kinetics of the second order relativistic phase transition in a supersymmetric SU͑5͒ model on GUT scale are investigated using numerical methods. The Einstein equations are solved together with the equations of relaxation kinetics. Another quantum geometrodynamics process ͑the bounce from a singularity͒ and the Wheeler-DeWitt equation are also investigated. The computer experiments show that because of the rapid character of the relaxation processes and the absence in the inflaton potential of peculiarities that are able to delay the system in the overcooled phase, the usual type of inflation regime is not realized. For the formation of the observed number of particles a model of a slowly swelling Universe as the result of the multiple reproduction of cosmological cycles arises naturally. ͓S0556-2821͑97͒50110-X͔ PACS number͑s͒: 98.80. Cq, 98.80.Hw The inflation model and its basic modifications ͓1͔ are very attractive and explain many cosmological problems. Currently it is the cosmological paradigm ͓2͔. The standard conception of first order cosmological relativistic phase transition ͑RPT͒ from a strong overcooled highly symmetric ͑HS͒ phase is well developed ͓3͔. An inflaton potential with quite specific properties is necessary to realize this conception ͑as a rule, this potential must have a wide flat part͒. It should also be noted that the problem of the formation of the observed number of particles has not been investigated in detail using computer methods. Some ideas about this have been put forward recently ͓4͔. The case when the inflaton potential does not possess specific properties, and a Universe with a ⌳ term is created from ''nothing,'' and RPT is close to second order is discussed in this article.We propose the following. ͑I͒ The plasma and vacuum of the Universe, created from ''nothing,'' after relaxation processes taking place near the Planck parameters ͑see ͓5͔͒, are in a quasiequilibrium state. In our opinion, the superearly Universe was created from ''nothing'' in an anisotropic state ͑for example IX type of Bianchi͒ with some number of particles and with some nonequilibrium state of the vacuum condensate.͑II͒ The topology of the Universe is closed. Only such a Universe can be created from ''nothing'' ͑the local properties of this Universe approach to the local properties of a flat Universe if the cosmological scenario solves the problem of flatness/entropy͒.͑III͒ After going out of the Universe from a singularity the initial number of particles N o is large in comparison with unity (N 0 ϳ10 4 -10 6 ), but it is small in comparison with the number of particles in the observed Universe (N obs ϳ10 88 ).͑IV͒ RPT on the GUT scale (Tϳ10 16 GeV͒, w...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.