During the recent years the number of the wounded and killed due to firearms use both in Ukraine and in the majority of the world countries has increased. Therefore, examination of gunshot injuries is rather topical issue now in forensic medicine, and it is a considerable comprehensive question.Transience of incidences with the use of firearms in the majority of cases does not enable to find a real picture of circumstances when these incidences occur. Therefore, the issues of traumatic factor identification in these cases, especially with perforating and tangential injuries, are very important in forensic medicine, but remain elucidated insufficiently.At the same time, a dynamic development of up-to-date computer technologies enables to increase the level of visualization, forensic diagnostics of injuries and substantiation of expert conclusions in case of gunshot injuries. Purpose of the study. To study diagnostic possibilities of three-dimensional spatial reconstruction method for forensic identification of the main traumatic factor in case of gunshot injuries. Materials and methods. Ballistic plasticine and gel, fragments of pig skin with subcutaneous fat, fragments of biological tissues with gunshot injuries were used as the material for the study. The obtained experimental gunshot injuries (45 cases) and cases of injuries from the expert practice (30 cases) were subjected to photogrammetric with possibility to obtain a three-dimensional spatial model of every injury by means of the computer program Agisoft Photoscan. Results. The studies conducted differ from the existing ones by their novelty, higher inventive and scientific-practical level. Three-dimensional spatial digital models of the injured biological tissues and their imitators will be designed, examined and analyzed for the first time, and the diagnostic criteria for forensic identification of the main traumatic factor of gunshot body injuries will be developed. The obtained textured models of gunshot injuries in «Obj» format can be imported into the program 3dsMax, which enables to examine linear sizes of every fragment of a wound canal with higher accuracy (to 0,001 cm) in comparison with classical methods of examination.The results obtained while conducting the study enable not only to develop computer three-dimensional digital models of gunshot body injuries, but examine their character and morphologic peculiarities in forensic practice on an up-to-date scientific level. All the mentioned above enables to formulate and substantiate new, more accurate forensic diagnostic identification criteria of the main traumatic factor of gunshot body injuries. Conclusion. Introduction of up-to date computer technologies into the practice of forensic medicine will enable to determine identifying peculiarities of the main traumatic factor in case of gunshot injuries with a higher accuracy. Keywords: spatial reconstruction, 3D modelling, gunshot injuries, forensic medicine.
Purpose of the study. Develop a complex of new forensic objective criteria to enhance the functionality of accurate definition time of the since death (TSD) estimation according to polarization microscopic tomography of the polycrystalline structure of human vitreous body (VB). Materials and methods. The object of study is polycrystalline VB layers taken from 56 people who died from cardiovascular disease with known time of death ranged from 3 to 36 h. Measuring parameter distributions of birefringence of the polycrystalline component of VB preparations were carried out with a standard Stokes-polarimeter. Results. The time dynamics of the magnitude of the set of statistical moments of the 1–4th order, which characterize the distributions of the birefringence of the polycrystalline component of the VB layers at different TSD values were investigated. The sensitivity range of the method of polarization tomography of the distributions of the birefringence of the polycrystalline component of the VB layers was determined (24 h), with the accuracy of TSD estimation – 20 min. The efficiency of wavelet analysis of the distribution of the magnitude of the birefringence layers of human VB layers at different TSD values is demonstrated. Scale-selective analysis has been shown to increase the sensitivity range up to 36 h while increasing the accuracy of TSD determination to 15 min. Conclusion. The efficiency of the method of polarization microscopic tomography of the polycrystalline structure of human VB preparations in the determination of TSD is demonstrated. Sensitivity ranges method up to 36 h was determined with an accuracy of up to 15 min. Keywords: laser polarimetry, time since death, vitreous body.
Purpose of the study. This work is aimed at research and substantiation of information possibilities of objective method of polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of human biological tissues for the establishment and differentiation of С2Н5ОН and CO poisoning. Materisls and methods. Native histological sections of the brain, myocardium and adrenal glands from ethanol poisoning (n = 30) and CO (n = 20) were investigated using a laser polarimeter of standard scheme. Subsequently, statistical processing of the obtained results was conducted. Results. Statistical moments of 1–4th order were determined by the method of polarization mapping of microscopic images of histological sections of human biological tissues. The values of the statistical moments of the 1–4th order for brain tissue for С2Н5ОН and CO poisoning reach differences by 2–2,5 times, for myocardial tissue – 2,2–2,9 times, the adrenal glands – 1,4–1,8 times. Accordingly, the statistical moments of the 3rd and 4th order are more sensitive to the detection and differentiation of poisons, whereby the accuracy of the method of differential diagnosis of poisoning С2Н5ОН and CO reaches an adequate level (~ 90%) in the study of histological sections of the myocardium and brain. Conclusion. The obtained results show that the method of polarization mapping of microscopic images of human biological tissues gives an objective possibility of reliable establishment and differentiation of С2Н5ОН and СО poisoning. Keywords: laser polarimetry, poisoning, ethanol, carbon monoxide, forensic medicine.
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