государственный университет», г. Горно-Алтайск; 2 ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет», г. Новосибирск Цель исследования -определение концентрации тяжелых металлов в шерсти собак, содержащихся на придомовых территориях города Горно-Алтайска. Методом атомно-абсорбционного спектрального анализа определяли содержание микроэлементов (Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn) в шерсти собак (Canis lupus familiaris) города. Результаты. Средние концентрации микроэлементов в образцах шерсти обследованных собак составили: Cd -0,13 мг/кг; Pb -1,23 мг/кг; Cr -4,0 мг/кг; Cu -7,8 мг/кг; Mn -12,36 мг/кг. Содержание микроэлементов в шерсти животных не зависит от их возраста, пола и района обитания. В вариационном диапазоне микроэлементного состава шерсти животных других регионов с различной экологической обстановкой полученные результаты по Горно-Алтайску соответствуют среднему уровню. Возможным источником поступления микроэлементов в организм животных в условиях городской среды Республики Алтай являются мелкодисперсные твердые частицы выбросов твердотопливных отопительных систем и выхлопов двигателей внутреннего сгорания, поступающие с вдыхаемым атмосферным воздухом. Вывод: содержание тяжелых металлов в эктодермальной среде животных отражает особенности процессов аккумуляции экзотоксикантов, обусловленные концентрацией загрязняющих веществ и условиями самоочищения воздушного бассейна города.Ключевые слова: тяжелые металлы, эктодермальная ткань, атмосферный воздух, Горно-Алтайск
Background: Thermal power facilities using coal are in the first place in terms of emissions. From the burning of coal, about 2,100 tons/year of copper (Cu) falls to the Earth's surface annually. Prolonged inhalation intake of Cu into the human body as part of solid particles of atmospheric air from coal-fired boilers leads to accumulation of trace elements in tissues, the development of hyperelementosis. Aim: to identify the level of Cu accumulation in the hair of the population of the administrative center of the Altai Republic in relation to the content of trace elements in solid particles of snow cover. Methods: In 122 residents permanently residing in Gorno-Altaysk, the Cu content in the hair was determined in compliance with the necessary exclusion criteria. In the districts of 10 coal-fired boiler houses of the city, snow samples were taken for analysis for the content of Cu in snow water and solid snow particles. The concentration of Cu in the studied samples was determined by atomic absorption method (Kvant-2, Russia). The Mann - Whitney criterion and Spearman correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: the Cu content in the hair of the examined does not depend on gender (U = 1741; p = 0.580), at the age of 4-21 years, the Cu concentration decreases (U = 29; p = 0.05). The concentration of Cu in the hair of residents of Gorno-Altaysk, compared with other regions of the world, corresponds to low values (10.0 mg / kg), hypo- (7.5 mg / kg 31.9%) is more common among the population than hyperelementosis (25 mg / kg - 5.7%). The Cu content in meltwater from all snow intakes in the areas of coal-fired boilers (0.019-0.049 mg / l) does not exceed the permissible concentration (MPC 0.1 mg / l). In the solid phases of snow from 10 samples (19.37-67.42 mg/kg), only three (56.4-67.2 mg/ kg) showed a slight excess of MPC (55 mg/ kg). No correlation was found between the concentration of Cu in the hair of the population and the content of trace elements in solid particles of snow. Conclusions: The assumption about the accumulation of Cu in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaysk in elevated concentrations, inhalation intake of trace elements from coal boilers was not confirmed in this study.
To create a systematic database on the presence of metals in the environment and the human body, it is necessary to conduct local studies in different regions of the Russian Federation. A comprehensive analysis of the content of cadmium and lead in different coenotic links, including the human body, has not been carried out in the Altai Republic. The aim of the study was to reveal the level of lead and cadmium accumulation in the solid and finely dispersed phases of snow and hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk. Material and methods. The content of lead and cadmium in the snow and hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was estimated by the atomic absorption method. Snow samples were taken in the areas of 10 central coal boilers, hair samples were taken from 122 volunteers permanently residing in the city. Results. The concentration of metals in snow water exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations: for cadmium (0.004–0.008 mg/kg) by 3.8–8.2 times; for lead (0.008–0.469 mg/kg) by 2–15.6 times. In the solid phases of snow, the content of metals exceeded the permissible level by about 3 times. The average value of the concentration of cadmium in the hair of the population was 0.16 mg/kg, which did not exceed the all-Russian reference value (0.25 mg/kg), the proportion of excess among the population was 6.5 %. The lead content (3.18 mg/kg) approximately corresponded to the all-Russian values (3.0 mg/kg), the excess was found among 43 % of the population. Conclusion. As a result of the widespread use of solid fuels, the presence of cadmium and lead in the environment increases, which is confirmed by the accumulation of these metals in the snow cover and the accumulation of the analyzed microelements in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk.
Introduction. There is a global trend of increasing the Cd level of the environment because of enlarged compounds content in the industry, agriculture (cadmium-phosphate fertilizers), burning solid and liquid fuels, and solid household waste. Data on the quantitative accumulation of Cd in human hair in various regions of Russia is necessary to determine Cd content reference value to evaluate the degree of its excess among the population. Material and methods. The Cd content in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry to evaluate regional values to compare them with the all-Russian reference data. Results. The average value of Cd concentration in the hair of the population of Gorno-Altaisk was 0.16 mg/kg; according to this index value, the excess was found in 34.9% of residents, relative to the all - Russian index - in 54.5%. Deviations from the upper limits of the biologically acceptable level were 6.5% and 1.6%, respectively. Discussion. The study results coincide with the literature data on reference values and excess of the local populaton’s biologically acceptable level compared with other regions. There is a low probability of Cd ingestion with food and drinking water in concentrations exceeding acceptable values. Universal sources of Cd human body intake (solid-fuel heating systems, internal combustion engines) determine a homogeneous picture of Cd accumulation in the hair in the Gornyi Altai population in Altai and other regions. Conclusion. The reference values of Cd content in the hair of residents of the administrative center of the Altai Republic correspond to the average values in the variation range of different regions, and the percentage of people who exceed the permissible level among the population of Gorno-Altaisk also does not differ from other industrial regions.
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