Heavy metals can selectively accumulate in certain organs and remain in them for a long time. As a result, the accumulation of metal in one or another organ may cause strongest intoxication of the animal. The purpose of the research is to study the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood of young cattle of different breeds of the dairy and dairy-and-beef direction of productivity fed in the technogenic zone in the RNO-Alania diets with a high content of heavy metals. According to the principle of analogues, taking into account the breed, origin, age, sex and body weight, 4 groups of 10 animals each of different breed were formed: Group I - black and white, Group II - Danish Red, Group III - Swiss, and Group IV - Simmental. The experimental material was statistically processed using the Microsoft Excel software for mathematical analysis. With a tendency of unreliable differences in morphological indices of blood, in diminishing numbers of erythrocytes and hemoglobin, the test breeds should be arranged in the following order: Simmental, Swiss, Red Danish, Black and White. At the same time, as compared to the animals of the black-and-white breed, the young cattle of the Simmental breed showed the best level of intermediate metabolism, which resulted in an increase in total protein and sugar in the blood, which indicates an improvement in their protein and energy metabolism; an increase in the content of albumin in the liquid internal medium and γ-globulins; an increase in concentration of total lipids in serum, respectively, while reducing the level of cholesterol, which indicates an improvement fat metabolism in animals; a significant decrease in blood saturation with cadmium, lead and zinc, respectively, by 26.8, 48.8 and 30.6%. The highest content of these elements was noted in the wool, then in decreasing order: in bone tissue, liver, muscle tissue, lungs, kidneys. Moreover, between the level of heavy metals in muscles, liver and lungs, on the one hand, and in the wool, bone tissue and kidneys, on the other hand, there was an inversely proportional relationship.
The aim of the work was to evaluate the behavior of laboratory rats under the influence of negative air ions using various behavioral models. To create an excess of negative air ions, a Hippocrates ionizer (Enterprise Energia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia) was used. The exposure was carried out daily for 2 hours for 18-20 days. Wistar rats were used in the work. It was found that according to the open field test, under the influence of negative air ions, the level of indicators reflecting vertical and horizontal motor activity increased; decreased grooming rates and the number of bowel movements; the frequency of examination of holes increased. According to the elevated plus maze test, the number of visits to open and closed arms, hanging from open arms significantly increased with a simultaneous decrease in the frequency and duration of grooming, a decrease in the duration and number of freezes. The index of anxiety in the studies changed insignificantly. On the model of a black-and-white chamber, the time spent by rats in the dark and light compartments varied. The rats of the experimental group spent more time in the open space of the test, there was a significant increase in the exits and the duration of the time of looking out from the dark into the light compartments. In general, according to the behavioral models used, keeping animals in an environment enriched with air ions led to significant changes in the behavior of animals, increasing activity, emotional reactivity and stress resistance.
The peculiarities of the psycho-functional and physical development of primary children school determine the need for strict control over the state of their mental performance and the characteristics of the development of fatigue during the school year. Taking into account the available data in the literature on gender differences in children of the same age in terms of the implementation of educational activities, the state of mental performance of students was assessed depending on their gender. The indicators of mental performance and fatigue of 2nd-grade students involved in a developmental program were determined using proofreading tests (tables by V.Ya. Anfimov) modified by M.V. Antropova with employees. The level of mental performance of students was calculated according to the intensity (the number of viewed signs) and quality (the number of mistakes and % of unmistakable work) of work, taking into account the sex of the subjects at the beginning and at the end of the academic year according to the indicators of the daily and weekly dynamics of the measured parameters. There were found higher indicators of mental performance in girls at the beginning of the school year, determined by both the intensity and the quality of the work performed. At the end of the academic year, significant differences in the estimated parameters, in terms of daily and weekly dynamics in boys and girls are not revealed. The data obtained indicate the adequacy of the intellectual load on students in this educational institution. The results of a comparative analysis of the mental performance of students before and after lessons (the beginning and end of the school year, daily and weekly dynamics) indicate an increase in the mental performance of children due to the educational process and manifested itself, first of all, in the quality of the work performed.
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