In this study, blends of biodegradable Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL), were prepared using Hakee Rheomix and characterized for rheological , thermal, mechanical and viscoelastic properties. Morphology of tensile fractured surfaces was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The blends of PLA/PCL exhibited an increase in percentage of elongation, impact toughness, loss factor and decrease in strength and modulus, when compared to that of neat PLA. Among the various blend proportions considered in this work, 80/20% PLA/PCL blend exhibited the highest elongation and impact strength. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the influence of PCL content on glass transition temperature (T g ), melting temperature and degree of crystallinity of PLA/PCL blends.

Drawing is a visual mode of communication. Teaching drawing requires one-to-one personal interaction among the tutor and the learner. The technical drawing is no exception, and it requires a considerable amount of imagination skills. On-line mode of pedagogy shall be occupying a substantial portion of the mode of delivery in teaching and learning during, as well as, after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era. This work focuses on the training and knowledge sharing of machine drawing skills through online mode, which is the requirement of the present era. A knowledge management perspective for machine drawing pedagogy is involved in this work. Challenges in the online pedagogy of machine drawing are deliberated through Ishikawa diagram and service Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. A maker education perspective of online machine drawing pedagogy is delineated. An approach toward knowledge workforce, knowledge transfer, and tacit knowledge is adopted for online teaching of machine drawing. Finally, conclusions are drawn in context of online pedagogy for a spatial visualization-based course like machine drawing.

Engineering drawing is a basic engineering course, which is popularly remembered as the language of engineers and finds the applications in all the domains of engineering as well as architecture. And now due to the intervention of computing facility, it gained further momentum in the field of engineering and technology. This paper traces the development of higher order thinking (HOT) skills in the field of engineering drawing. This paper makes an attempt in proposing distinct platforms for inculcating higher order thinking skills among the engineering students, which further enables them to achieve their highest potential and prepare them to propose solutions for the real world problems. Spatial visualization coupled with an intensive practise in free-hand sketches and manual drafting which is slowly dwindling in today's era of computerization, is proposed for improving HOT skills in the domain of engineering drawing. Students' understanding of the engineering drawing course has registered a substantial improvement and is recorded in the assessment performed.

Water and ethylene glycol as ordinary coolants have been broadly utilized as a part of a car radiator for a long time. These heat exchange liquids offer low thermal conductivity. With the progression of nanotechnology, the new era of heat transfer fluids called, "nanofluids" have been developed and analysts found that these liquids offer higher thermal conductivity contrasted with that of routine coolants. This study concentrated on the utilization of a mixture of water and ethylene glycol based Al 2 O 3 nanofluids in a cooling framework. Pertinent information, nanofluid properties and exact connections were obtained from literature review to examine the performance of a twin cylinder Diesel engine under various blends of nanofluid based coolants, furthermore, to research heat exchange improvement of a car radiator worked with nanofluid-based coolants. It was observed that, the performance of Diesel engine and heat transfer rate in cooling system framework enhanced with the utilization of nanofluids (with water and ethylene glycol the basefluid) contrasted with water and ethylene glycol (i.e. base liquid) alone. In the wake of leading the series of tests on Twin cylinder Diesel engine at 2%, 1% and 0.5% of nanofluid in basefluid, it was observed that performance of Diesel engine and heat exchange is upgraded better at 0.5% of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid coolant.

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In many countries, methyl esters of vegetable oils are blended with petroleum diesel and used as a partial substituent to petroleum diesel. In our experimentation, neat cotton seed methyl ester (without blending) was implemented as fuel for a direct injection compression ignition engine. Cotton seed methyl ester cetane number and calorific value are close to petroleum diesel. But the flash point, auto-ignition temperature and viscosity are higher than petroleum diesel. If it is preheated, the viscosity will decrease and flow ability in the fuel lines will increase. While injecting, the atomization level of the fuel was also improved by the preheating. But too much heating is not preferable, because it causes formation of vapors in the fuel lines. Preheating of methyl ester to the correct temperature gives better thermal efficiency and lower environmental pollution. Hence in our investigations, cotton seed methyl ester is preheated to different temperatures (27 C, 35 C, 40 C, 45 C, 52 C and 55 C) and implemented as fuel for a direct injection compression ignition engine. At these temperatures, engine performance, fuel combustion and pollutants in the exhaust gas are analyzed. It was found, preheating of cotton seed methyl ester to a temperature between 45 C and 52 C gives lower pollutants and better thermal efficiency.

The experimental work to boost forced heat transfer performance in an Al2O3, SiC-Water+ ethylene glycol nanofluid radiator was discussed in this paper. In this analysis, different volume fractions of nanofluids in the range of 0.01 to 0.1 percent were prepared and sonicated for 2 hours using an ultrasonic sonicator to achieve stable suspension with the incorporation of Al2O3, Sic nanoparticles into the water. The maxium-performable heat transfer was found to be 50 percent higher than water at a fraction of 0.1 per cent. The effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluid is increased with increased particle concentration, which helps to boost radiator heating efficiency. The rate of heat flow ranges from 3 to 12 lpm. It is noted that the efficiency of heat transfer has increased with an increase in flow rate.