Keywordsadrenergic β-adrenoceptor antagonists, coronary angiography, drug-related side effects and adverse reactions, metoprolol, tomography, X-ray computed AIMSTo assess the safety of our clinical practice using off-label intravenous metoprolol to facilitate computed tomographic (CT) coronary angiography. METHODSA retrospective analysis of scan reports and hospital admissions data was conducted to identify adverse events occurring following CT coronary angiography in patients who had received intravenous metoprolol prior to the scan. RESULTSA total of 3098 patients were included, of whom 1871 received intravenous metoprolol. Nine hundred and one patients received more than 15 mg and 129 patients received metoprolol despite a resting heart rate <65 beats min −1 . There was a single adverse incident, comprising transient loss of consciousness. CONCLUSIONSThe use of intravenous metoprolol to facilitate cardiac CT scanning appears safe. Dose limits recommended for other indications, generally in acutely unwell patients, may not need to be as stringent in this population.

Objectives: Digital tomosynthesis is a new digital technique based on conventional Xray tomography. It acquires multiple low-dose projections during a single sweep of the X-ray tube, which are reassembled to provide high-resolution slices at different depths. Suggested uses include visualisation of pulmonary nodules, mammography, angiography, dental imaging and delineation of fractures. This study aims to evaluate its potential role as part of an intravenous urogram (IVU) by assessing the diagnostic quality in imaging the kidneys in clinical practice. Methods: 100 renal units from consecutive traditional IVU studies were retrospectively compared with 101 renal units imaged using digital tomosynthesis. These were scored for visualisation of the renal outline and collecting system, presence of a renal cyst or mass and overall diagnostic quality. Radiation doses were calculated. Results: 46.5% of traditional IVUs were found to be of diagnostic quality. The IVUs with digital tomosynthesis were of diagnostic quality in 95.5%. This represents a highly statistically significant difference (p,0.0001). There was also a statistically significant dose reduction, with a mean reduction of 56%, for the samples studied. Conclusion: Digital tomosynthesis offers a significant increase in the percentage of diagnostic quality tests for assessing renal pathology, compared with traditional IVU, and significantly reduces radiation. It also offers considerable advantages in ease and speed of imaging. For these reasons, in any situation where IVU is still being used to assess the kidneys, digital tomosynthesis is likely to be of considerable benefit in improving diagnostic quality.

In this paper, radio frequency (RF) stability performance of double gate junctionless transistor for different spacer material, the width of spacer, and bias conditions is reported. The impact of gate oxide thickness and gate work function on RF performance of double gate junctionless transistor is also presented. The analog and RF figure of merit, namely, intrinsic gain, unity gain cut-off frequency, stern's stability factor, critical frequency, maximum attainable gain, and maximum stable gain, are investigated with the help of numerical simulation. The result shows that the fringing fields of high k spacers have a major impact on the gate to source and gate to drain capacitance. The device design guideline along with bias and geometrical parameters are reported for the optimized structure. The optimized device structure exhibits better RF stability. KEYWORDS double gate junctionless transistor (DGJLT), high k spacer, MAG, MSG, RF stability, unity gain cutoff frequency 1 | INTRODUCTIONAccording to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, alternative metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) structures serve the need for devices beyond 16 nm. 1 One of the promising devices which can substitute the conventional MOSFET is junctionless transistor (JLT). 2 Junctionless transistor does not have PN junctions because source, channel, and drain are of same doping, which overcomes the problems associated with doping profile of MOSFETs. It also offers many advantages over conventional bulk MOSFETs such as better scalability, reduced short channel effects, simple fabrication process flow, and low thermal budgets after gate formation. [3][4][5] The JLT has received attention for analog/radio frequency (RF) applications due to its improved intrinsic gain and maximum oscillation frequency ( f max ). 6 Many works were carried on JLTs about enhancing the electrostatic integrity using a high k spacer, drain/source extension, and gate work function on analog and RF applications. 7-12 Impact of process parameter variation on the analog and RF performance of the multigate is studied. 13 The RF model was developed to extract the parameters like cut-off frequency ( f T ), input capacitance, and distribute channel resistance of junctionless silicon nanowire MOSFET. 14 The quantum mechanical model of gate all around nanowire MOSFET is developed to examine the effect of high k gate dielectric on the electrostatics and device performance. 15 The reliability issues of graded channel junctionless multigate transistor in analog performance are investigated. 16 From the literature review, we found that many studies were carried on analog and RF performance of JLTs. However, RF stability study on JLTs is not reported, which is an important figure of merit for the design of RF amplifiers or

<p>Analytical Hierarchical Process has been used as a useful methodology for multi-criteria decision making environments with substantial applications in recent years. But the weakness of the traditional AHP method lies in the use of subjective judgement based assessment and standardized scale for pairwise comparison matrix creation. The paper proposes a Condorcet Voting Theory based AHP method to solve multi criteria decision making problems where Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is combined with Condorcet theory based preferential voting technique followed by a quantitative ratio method for framing the comparison matrix instead of the standard importance scale in traditional AHP approach. The consistency ratio (CR) is calculated for both the approaches to determine and compare the consistency of both the methods. The results reveal Condorcet – AHP method to be superior generating lower consistency ratio and more accurate ranking of the criterion for solving MCDM problems.</p>

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