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In this article, we demonstrate how Actor-Network Theory has been translated into tourism research. The article presents and discusses three concepts integral to the Actor-Network Theory approach: ordering, materiality, and multiplicity. We first briefly introduce Actor-Network Theory and draw attention to current Actor-Network Theory studies in tourism with a focus on how the approach is sensitive toward heterogeneous orderings. The following section discusses how more recent Actor-Network Theory approaches emphasize multiplicity and thus multiple versions of every ordering attempt. This leads us toward ontological politics, which have bearings on how we approach and understand research methods and how we perform tourism research. In conclusion, we argue that Actor-Network Theory enables a radical new way of describing tourism by critically investigating its ontological conditions.

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Highlights • Compares how two conservation tourism partnerships in Kenya are governed • Provides a theoretical framework for understanding dynamic tourism partnerships • Analyzes the internal and external congruency of conservation tourism partnerships • Argues that metagovernance can ensure effective and democratic partnership outcomes • Discusses how non-state actors can also take on metagovernance roles

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