Rendimento e composição centesimal do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) por diferentes cortes e categorias de peso Yield and centesimal composition of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) by different processing forms and weight categories

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nine protein ingredients were determined for pirarucu Arapaima gigas, a Neotropical fish species with great aquaculture potential in the Amazon. ADCs of crude protein, energy and dry matter were determined by feces sedimentation in cylindrical-conical tanks. Experimental diets were composed of 795 g kg-1 of the reference diet, 5 g kg-1 of chromic oxide and 200 g kg-1 of the following test ingredients: fish by-product meal, salmon by-product meal, poultry by-product meal, hydrolyzed feather meal, meat and bone meal, blood meal, soybean meal, corn gluten meal and corn gluten feed. Blood meal, meat and bone meal and corn gluten feed resulted in low ADCs for pirarucu, whereas corn gluten meal, poultry by-product meal and soybean meal were better digested, indicating that these ingredients may be potential protein sources in feed formulations for pirarucu. The other animal protein ingredients presented intermediate ADCs values and, together with blood meal and meat and bone meal, they demonstrate that the nutritional quality of the animal by-products tested could be improved, especially by enhancing the processing methods of this group of ingredients.

This experiment was carried out on 8 ha of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pastures, with rotational grazing consisting of 7 days of occupation and 21 days of rest. Four treatments were evaluated: cattle grazing alone (BOV), sheep grazing alone (OVI), cattle and sheep grazing simultaneously (SIM) and cattle grazing followed by sheep (alternate - ALT). Twenty heifers and 30 male Santa Inês lambs were used. Fecal egg count (FEC) and fecal cultures were carried out. Blood was also collected to examine red and white cell series, total plasma protein (TPP), albumin and hemoglobin. FEC and estimated nematode pathogenicity index in sheep were lower in the SIM treatment. The Haemonchus spp. proportion was higher in isolated grazing systems. For sheep, mixed grazing was shown to reduce endoparasite infection, and SIM was better than ALT. For cattle, no difference between grazing systems was seen. Therefore, simultaneous grazing (sheep and cattle) may be a tool for reducing the need for anthelmintic treatments in sheep.

In the face of a major global drinking water crisis, it becomes increasingly important to raise concerns on the use of sustainable techniques, mainly those aiming at saving potable water, especially in the seafood industry, that consumes significant amounts of water resources. In this context, the aim of the present study was to carry out industrial water management, quantifying and qualifying effluents from the general activities of a seafood processing industry, in order to identify which effluent exhibited reuse potential. Water use (water balance) was measured at six fish processing steps, and effluent physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out. Direct reuse was not indicated for any of the analyzed effluents, mainly due to high levels of total coliform bacteria (10 4 to 10 7 MPN/100 ml). However, indirect water recycling and reuse can potentially be applied after a simple effluent primary treatment and disinfection from the freezing tunnel and cooling chamber defrosting, in order to supply cooling tower demands. This practice may reduce the total average water consumption of the processing unit by 11% and, if the effluents from the cooling tower purges were to also be reused for other administrative ends, this reduction may reach 21.9%, enhancing the competitiveness of this industry and preserving fresh drinking water.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica à cerca de fatores que influenciam na qualidade e segurança de duas espécies nativas de pescado da produção ao processamento, o tambaqui e o surubim. Como o pescado é um alimento altamente perecível, é necessário que haja cuidados durante seu trajeto até o consumidor final e para isso é importante que se conheça a espécie trabalhada e fatores que poderão influenciar na qualidade e segurança da mesma em relação ao consumidor.

O tambaqui é consumido tradicionalmente em tamanho comercial (1 a 3 kg), mas também entre 0,350 a 0,450 kg, sendo denominado Curumim(C). Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do tambaqui em tamanho comercial (TC) e caracterizar o valor nutricional e rendimento de tambaquis em duas classes de tamanho: Curumim (C) e TC, provenientes de tanques-rede. O efeito do tamanho sobre a composição centesimal e rendimento do peixe foi avaliado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 12 repetições, enquanto para as análises microbiológicas, utilizou-se um peixe de cada tanque-rede. C apresentou teores de proteína (19,08%), cinzas (2,91%) e umidade (71,58%) superiores aos de TC, 17,83%, 2,00% e 68,25%, respectivamente, enquanto extrato etéreo foi maior para TC (9,25%), contra 5,16% para C. O rendimento foi de 70,04% para C e 65,55% para TC. Cinquenta por cento (50%) das amostras apresentaram contaminação por S. aureus, entretanto, dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Constatou-se presença de salmonella em 91,67% das amostras, enquanto 75% delas apresentaram contaminação por coliformes totais e 8,34% por E. coli, denotando contaminação da água de cultivo. O C apresentou valor nutricional adequado e melhor rendimento em relação ao TC. A inserção do C nas dietas dependerá da aceitação pelos mercados onde sua comercialização não esteja estabelecida. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas realizadas com o tambaqui em tamanho comercial sugerem predisposição da espécie para o desenvolvimento de Salmonella spp. na superfície corporal.

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