Supplying of the pharmaceutical industry with medicinal raw materials is carried out mainly due to it cultivation on an industrial scale. For three years (2020–2022), in the conditions of the Krasnodar region in the fields of the North Caucasian branch of VILAR there were studied the ways of hormonal regulation of the formation of seed productivity of essential oil crops – two varieties of Matricaria chamomilla and Salvia officinalis. The results of the conducted research showed that the treatment of plants in the budding phase with growth regulators Zircon (0.04 l/ha) and Gibbersib (0.03 kg/ha) led to a more friend-ly flowering of plants and, accordingly, to an increase in the yield of Matricaria seeds by 15–28 % and Sal-via by 20–28 %. At the same time, their quality im-proves – the weight of 1000 seeds increase by 6–14 %. The use of these growth regulators contributes to increasing the resistance of the studied medicinal crops to dry weather conditions and ensures a reduction in seed yield losses up to 12–26 %, while in the control it was till 22–33 %. With the complex application of Lignohumat (0.05 l/ha) in the initial growth phases of the abovementioned crops and growth regulators (Zircon and Gibbersib) in the budding phase, an increase in seed yield is observed, both in comparison with the control and with some regulators. The highest efficiency was noted in the Lignohumat + Zircon variant, where the seed yield exceeded the control by 28–39 % and in the variant with Zircon – by 9–13 %.
At present, much attention is paid to medicinal plants, the raw material of which is used for the production of drugs with antibacterial activity. Such plants include Macleaea x kevensis Turill. Due to the fact that this crop does not grow under natural conditions in the Russian Federation, there is a question of creating industrial plantations of Macleau x kevensis Turill. To solve this problem, it is necessary to determine a promising way of propagation of the plant and develop a balanced use of mineral fertilizers in order to obtain maximum yields of high quality medicinal raw materials. The research was carried out on the experimental fields of medicinal crop rotation of the North Caucasus branch of FGBNU VILAR, located in the Western Caucasus, in order to study the ways of multiplication of the crop and the timing of its planting. Field experiments were laid by setting up experiments with small area. Phenological observations were carried out, peculiarities of growth and development of plants were studied, yield and content of active substances were determined. The conducted researches have established that the most effective way of propagation of Macleau x kevensis Turill in the conditions of Western Ciscaucasia is autumn planting by cuttings of rhizomes 10-15 cm long. With this method of multiplication of the culture, its earlier regrowth in the spring, active growth and development of plants are observed. It allows to harvest the raw material already in the first year of vegetation and provides the yield of medical raw material of Macleau x kevensis Turill at the level of 1,12 t/ha and the alkaloid content 1,02%. If we applied foliar top dressing NPK45, then in I-III years of vegetation of the crop, the yield of raw materials increased by 25-27% and the content of alkaloids increased by 6-9%, and their yield per hectare -by 30-38%.
Relevance. In the arsenal of agents with antibacterial activity, a significant place belongs to preparations based on the raw materials of two types of Macleia - Macleaya x kevensis Turill. and Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br. used both in medical and veterinary practice. It is possible to provide the domestic pharmaceutical industry with these medicinal raw materials in full through the development of methods for increasing yields and adapting Maclea to unstable environmental weather conditions.Material and methods. Experiments to study the effect of the use of humates and microfertilizers on these indicators were laid in the fields of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR in 2019-2021. We studied the morphological and economically valuable traits of two species of Maclea, evaluated the growth rates of plants, the yield of raw materials, the content of alkaloids and their collection per hectare under optimal and dry weather conditions.Results. Differences between the two types of Maclea are established in terms of morphological and economically valuable traits. Maclea heart-shaped palmate-lobed leaves are light green in color, the roots are vertical, round-cylindrical, reaching a depth of 50 cm or more, plant height is 300-350 cm. at a depth of 25-30 cm, plant height 200-250 cm. % versus 0.162-0.164% for the heart-shaped Maclea. The dependence of the growth, development and productivity of two types of Maclea on meteorological conditions has been established. Under the conditions of insufficient water supply and high temperatures, the loss of yield in the first year of vegetation in Macleaya cordata is 14%, in the second year - 6%, in Macleaya x kevensis - 21 and 12%, respectively. Foliar treatments with the Normat L complex with Ferovit in the first year of vegetation contributed to a decrease in crop losses and an increase in the yield of alkaloids per 1 hectare in both types of makley, in the second year, with these treatments, an increase in yield by 7-11% was observed, the collection of alkaloids per hectare increased by 14- 18%.
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