This article describes the results of the analysis of correlation between the soil electrical conductivity and BPEJ (valued soil-ecological units). The measurements were made in 2006 at the School Agribusiness Land Farm in Lány established by the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague. The soil electrical conductivity (EC) was measured by the contact method using a sensor with six electrodes. The soil EC data measured were compared with the data obtained from BPEJ maps. The aim was to verify if any relationship exists between the soil EC and BPEJ. The results achieved show that the same dependency exists between the values of the main soil unit of the BPEJ code and the soil EC. The results achieved can be used in the precise agriculture system to improve the decision process. 131and distribute water and also the nutrients near the plants root system. The soil EC is also significantly influenced by the actual soil humidity but, as states Farahani (2007), "Soil water has a strong effect on the values of soil EC, but research shows that even though the values of soil EC may change as soil water changes, the patterns of a soil EC map stay unchanged. Thus, a single soil EC map for a field is probably sufficient for many years to characterize the soil variability patterns. " Doerge et al. (2007) states that the main factors influencing the values of soil EC are pore continuity, water content, salinity level, cation exchange kapacity, and soil depth. MATERIAL AND METHODSIn 2006, the soil EC measurements were made on the selected land "NS KONOPAS A 6001_3" of the School Agribusiness Land in Lány. The contact method was used for the soil EC measurement by means of a traktor-carried measuring frame with six electrodes (Figure 1). The measuring instrument was developed by the Department of Machinery Application, Faculty of Engineering of the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague. This equipment provides the soil EC values into a measuring central, incl. the position data, in 5 seconds intervals. The position data were obtained by using the GPS unit. The data chains are stored into the .txt format. The BPEJ data were bought in the digital form by the Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav. The ArcView 9.1 software with Geostatistic and Spatial analyst add-in was used for the processing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTwo data sets were used for the analysis, namely soil EC and BPEJ values. Several modifications were performed on the initial data set prior to statistical processing and evaluation. Before the proper elaboration, the voltage and electrical current data, measured by the measuring central, were re-calculated to the soil EC values. Non-complete records were deleted from the basic file, same as the records containing zeros and extreme values. The file modified in this way was then processed by the procedure described in (Thylén et al. 1997;Kumhála et al. 2001). As both authors identically mention, the most failures occur at the moment of driving the machine into a new row,...
Abstract:A new parallel plate capacitance sensor was built consisting of two metal sheets. The sensor -a capacitor and the whole oscillating circuit was driven at 27 MHz frequency. Dynamic laboratory experiments were performed with grass from a natural meadow in order to evaluate the possibility of the forage mass flow determination by means of this sensor. The results revealed a relatively strong linear relationship between the feed rates of the wet forage crop material passing through the sensor between its plates and the measured capacitance sensor circuit output frequency. The coefficients of determination (R 2 ) varied from 0.9 to 0.96. Further improvement of the electronic circuit connection and further investigation of the sensor can be recommended.
Two methods were developed and tested for the measurement of the mowing machine material feed rate (based on the conditioner power input measured by a torque-meter, and/or on the material change in momentum measured by a curved impact plate). The measurements carried out in the year 2001 proved that a very good linear relationship existed between the conditioner power input, output frequency of the apparatus measuring the impact force by means of the impact plate, and the material feed rate through the mowing machine. The calculated R-Squared values were about 0.95. In the year 2002, the impacts of material and condition (parameters) changes on the mowing machine material feed rate measurement accuracy were measured under laboratory conditions. It was evident from the statistical evaluation that changing crop variety, crop maturity, and intensity of conditioning can have a statistically significant influence on the measurement based on the torque-meter. As concerns the impact plate measurement, it was found that it is not possible on the basis of our measurements to determine statistically the influence of the factors tested.Keywords: mowing machines; feed rate measurement; conditioner; impact plateThe sensor of the forage crop feed rate can be useful in several applications of precision farming. The information on the variable feed rate of forage can be used for the calculation of the site-specific forage crop yield for a yield map.Flowrate measurement techniques for forage harvesters were published previously. Vansichen and De Baerdemaeker (1993) calculated the yield from the torque of the harvester blower. Another possibility is to measure the distance between the feeder rolls of the harvester (Ehlert and Schmidt 1995). Recently (1996), Auernhammer and Demmel measured the yield using a nuclear gauge sensor placed in the spout of a forage harvester. A mass flow sensor for a pull type (trailed) forage harvester based on a reaction of a curved plate in the spout was constructed and tested by Missotten et al. (1997).A site-specific measurement of biomass in growing crops was proposed using a pivoted cylindrical body moving horizontally through a plant population (moving pendulum). The angle of deviation of this pendulum varies with the plant properties (e.g. stand density, stem thickness, crop maturity, material moisture). These measurements were performed on cereals (Ehlert and Schmidt 1996).Martel and Savoie (1999) installed four sensors in a forage harvester to measure the feedroll displacement, the crop impact force against a hinged plate above the blower, the frequency of a capacitance controlled oscillator near the end of the spout, and the number of light beam interruptions by forage particles in the spout. Significant results were obtained from the feedroll displacement and the crop impact force. The linear relationship between the material feed rate and the measured signals was observed with R-Squared coefficient R 2 = 0.95 for the feedroll displacement, and R 2 = 0.94 for the crop impact force, ...
Kroulík M., Mašek J., Kvíz Z., Jošt B., Prošek V., 2011. Sensors connection for yield determination on round balers with variable chamber. Res. Agr. Eng., 57: 51-55.The main aim of this article is to present a technical solution for straw and forage yield mapping when using round balers with variable chamber for harvest. The yield measurement is based on monitoring of instantaneous position of a tension roller mechanism for press chamber circular belt. Wheat straw was harvested -baled, during our trial measurements. The acreage of the trial field was 12 ha. Calibration of the measuring system showed a strong dependence of the tension roller position on the amount of pressed straw (R 2 = 0.99). Geostatistical evaluation confirms a spatial relationship of measured data sets with a moderate spatial dependence. Finally, yield map of straw was created.Keywords: forage crops; straw; throughtput; yield; yield mapping; round balerYield mapping is one of the basic elements of precision agriculture system. Different sensors and systems which are mounted directly on harvesters are commonly used for yield mapping nowadays. Concretely for straw and forage yield mapping, the sensors are placed on mowing machines or forage choppers. Another possibility could be weighing of the whole harvester or transport machine such as pick-up balers or wagons. This idea is very simple but the practical application brings together technical and organisational problems. Wheeler et al. (1997) described basic yield measuring system requirements for crops yield mapping which was based on continuous weighing of wagons. Goodwin et al. (1999) continued in this research which was based on continuous weighing of wagons together with GPS (Global Positioning System) -wagon position monitoring. Another idea for yield mapping during forage crops harvest is based on the similar principle but it is adapted for pick-up balers. Behme et al. (1997) and Aurenhammer (1997, 1999) developed this measuring system. The system was based on load measurement of the machine axle by means of strain gauges. The whole system could be completed with GPS receiver in order to create yield maps. Weighing during the time when the machine was stationary was very precise, but in the case of working and moving across a field, the
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