Capacitive sensor for chopped maize throughput measurement

Kumhála, F.; Prošek, V.; Kroulík, M.

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2009.10.011

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…By using GPS data and sensors data, they could prepare a yield map for silage crop [15]. Kumhala and Prosek (2003) developed and evaluated a torque meter and an impact force sensor simultaneously on a three-point linkage type mower-conditioner. They concluded that the impact force sensor was prefered to the torque sensor due to the lower cost and less sensitivity to the kind of crop being harvested [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kumhala and Prosek (2003) developed and evaluated a torque meter and an impact force sensor simultaneously on a three-point linkage type mower-conditioner. They concluded that the impact force sensor was prefered to the torque sensor due to the lower cost and less sensitivity to the kind of crop being harvested [12]. Kumhala et al, 2007 developed a parallel plate capacitance sensor (capacitor) operating at 27 MHz frequency was designed for forage mass determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility Study of a Pivoted-Plate Sensor for Silage Corn Yield Monitoring

Maharlouie¹,

Loghavi²,

Kamgar³

2012

Int J of Agri Scie

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Crop yield map is a useful means to quantify yield variations within the fields and to provide a scientific basis for implementing site -specific crop management strategies. This research explores the feasibility of developing a new silage yield monitoring system by employing a new mass flow sensor based on using the momentum of chopped material impacting a pivoted plate loaded by a retractable spring installed at the end of a chopper discharge spout. A precise rotary potentiometer was used to measure the degree of pivoted plate rotation. To save and process the output voltage of the potentiometer, a programmable circuit comprising of AVR microcontroller ATMEGA series and MAX 232 microchip was used and the output data was sent to a portable computer for further processing. To calibrate the output signal of the sensor versus instantaneous chopped material flow rate, the chopper was fed artificially with predetermined mass flow rates of 6, 8 and 10 kg s -1 of silage corn at five replications for each feeding rate. The results of statistical analysis showed high correlation between degrees of the pivoted-plate rotation and instantaneous feed rates with adjusted R 2 of 0.98. To evaluate the accuracy of mass flow rate estimation, a platform scale weighing system was used during the field tests. The statistical analysis did not show any significant difference between sensor mass flow rate estimation and platform scale weighing system output. By using the resulted calibration equation, yield map of a silage cornfield was generated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of a Pivoted-Plate Sensor for Silage Corn Yield Monitoring

Maharlouie¹,

Loghavi²,

Kamgar³

2012

Int J of Agri Scie

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“…Capacitance sensor techniques can be used for determining different properties of a range of plant materials. The function of capacitance sensors is based on the fact that the dielectric constant of an air/material mixture between two parallel plates increases with increasing material volume concentration (Kumhala et al, 2010). Capacitance sensors have been widely used for plant material MC determination (Osman et al, 2002;Eubanks and Birrell, 2001;Lawrence et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of calibration of moisture meter for Indian wheat by microwave oven drying technique and commercial moisture meter

Bansod

Thakur

Singla

2011

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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Moisture plays an important role in storage and processing of food grains, cereals and other agricultural products. It is the single most important characteristics of most agricultural products with respect to quality maintenance. This paper describes how to prepare samples for moisture determination, and calibrate a moisture meter for a particular grain. Calibration of a laboratory-developed moisture meter (LDMM) with a a commercial moisture meter (CMM) is also presented in this paper, in order to evaluate its performance. It shows that the values estimated by the LDMM were in good agreement with the moisture content values that are obtained by CMM, and the developed meter has a less than ± 1% error. It also describes the studies carried out for calibration of the LDMM using a microwave oven drying technique. An evaluation of the calibration performance of LDMM with two different techniques has also been reported. The microwave oven method and dry oven method have been compared for moisture determination of Indian wheat. It has been observed that the microwave method took 10–20 min compared with 18–20 h by the standard dry oven method for moisture determination of Indian wheat. The results obtained by the microwave oven method were compared with those obtained by the dry oven method. No statistical difference was observed between the percentage moisture values of Indian wheat samples by microwave drying and dry oven drying. The accuracy of the developed meter has also been tested by taking different numbers of calibration samples. It was observed that the accuracy increased considerably with an increase in the number of calibration samples.

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“…However, it requires repeated calibration due to the limitation of the material characteristics and types in actual field operation. The measurement accuracy is also difficult to guarantee [21,22]. The weighing method is used to calculate the real-time and cumulative application rate by measuring the material weight in real-time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of a Calibrating System for the Application Rate Control of a Seed-Fertilizer Drill Machine with Fluted Rollers

Ding

Liu

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Seed-fertilizer drill machines with fluted rollers generally utilize a calibrated relationship between the fluted-roller rotation speed and mass flow rate to control the application rate. However, this relationship model gradually deteriorates with operating time and is easily affected by working conditions. To maintain the initial operating accuracy, a self-calibrating system for adjusting the control model parameters was designed. It utilizes the application-rate information and fluted-rollers rotation speed data during the operation process to dynamically establish the calibrated relationship. During the field tests performed 18 times, the self-calibrating system could dynamically re-calibrate the relationship model. After the model parameters were updated, the application rate control system maintained a high accuracy level, though the relative deviation of control parameters was relatively higher. The average relative deviations between actual and theoretical cumulative application rates were 0.97% and 1.22% for seeding and fertilizing, respectively, and the standard deviations were 0.69% and 0.62%. Correspondingly, the average relative deviations of control parameters were 7.29% and 7.86%, and the standard deviations were 1.16% and 3.06%. These results indicate that the proposed method with closed-looped control can maintain high-quality control performance and improve the productivity of the drill machine, which will benefit the agricultural production. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5434 2 of 15 depend on the relationship model between the mass flow rate of fertilizing or seeding and the rotation speed of the driving shaft to the control. Based on this relationship model, real-time control of the driving shaft rotation speed can be performed to control the application rate when the target application rate and vehicle speed are given [8]. This kind of open-looped control structure is simple and economic. The disadvantages are that it cannot eliminate the error caused by interference and the control accuracy easily decreases once the relationship model parameters change because of the change of working conditions. The closed-looped control structure can effectively suppress this interference and improve the response performance of the control system [9].Closed-loop application-rate control structure has not been widely applied, due to the lack of efficient and real-time application-rate measurement sensors. Over the past 30 years, agricultural scientists and technicians around the world have conducted extensive research on seeding and fertilizing application-rate measurement sensors. The main techniques for application rate measurement include the photoelectric method [10,11], impulse method [12,13], capacitance method [14], and weighing method [15]. The principle of the photoelectric method is that the photoelectric sensor will be blocked in the process of material flow and a photoelectric signal will be generated. The quantity of material can be calculated by the sparse degree of the photoelectric signal to measu...

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Capacitive sensor for chopped maize throughput measurement

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Feasibility Study of a Pivoted-Plate Sensor for Silage Corn Yield Monitoring

Feasibility Study of a Pivoted-Plate Sensor for Silage Corn Yield Monitoring

Evaluation of calibration of moisture meter for Indian wheat by microwave oven drying technique and commercial moisture meter

Development and Evaluation of a Calibrating System for the Application Rate Control of a Seed-Fertilizer Drill Machine with Fluted Rollers

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