The energy intensity of the former Soviet Union0:') is more than twice that of other market ecc,nomies in similar stages of economic development. Low energy efficiency in the Soviet Union has contributed significantly to global carbon and other greenhouse gas emissions, The technological potential for energy conservation in the former Soviet Union is the largest in the world. The inefficiencies of the previously command-system economy, however, have provided little incentive ;for conserving energy. The present transition to a markei-based economy should encourage the incorporation of eneirgy-efficiencv improvements in order for the former Soviet Union to successfully lower its energy intensity. There ;are several obstacles that limit implementing energy conservation: for example_ cner_ prices and discount rates intluence the volume of investment in energy efficiency. Nevertheless, cost-effective measures for energy conservation do exist even in the most energy-intensive sectors of'the Soviet economy and should form the core of any energy conservation program. The overall cost-effective potential for carbon savings in the former Soviet Union is estimated to be 280 to 367 million tons of carbon per year by the year 2005, or 23 to 29 percent of 1988 energy-related emissions. " " " (b) This study includes "calculations taken over the entire territory, of the former Soviet Union, thus it is necessary to u:;e terminology which incorporates the whole area considered. For the sake of simplicity we will continue to use lhc previous names: Soviet Union and USSR.
The conservation of energy is increasingly being seen as an alternative to a continual increase in fuel production. In these conditions great importance is attached to the methods of assessment of energy saving in terms of quantity and the rational utilization of resources. A good deal of attention is given to such energy saving that makes it possible to tap ever new potentials of the economy. Considered here are the organisational measures for stimulating energy saving in certain enterprises, as well as energy-conservation trends which in the next 15 years are likely to save about 400 million tons of coal equivalent. An assessment of the required capital investments is also provided.
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