The authors conducted morphological studies of the structure of the semilunar heart valves in Siberian roe deer aged 1.5-2 years. The authors used the hearts of 3 males obtained in the Irkutsk region for research. The work used elements of access to semilunar valves, photographing and morphometry of structures of the mouth of the pulmonary trunk and aorta. The aortic valve of the Siberian roe deer is formed by three flaps (left, right and septal), where the morphometric parameters of the free edge of the left flap exceed the values of the other two. The greatest severity of the bottom part of the pockets is noted at the level of the left and right flaps. Their weight ranges from 4.2 ± 0.13 to 7.45 ± 0.27 mm. The authors noticed the severity of nodules on 55.6% of the flaps, where the nodule is shifted relative to the centre of the free edge of the flap by 11.4%. Three flaps represent the semilunar valve of the pulmonary trunk: left, intermediate and right, where the value of the height of the valve flaps is at the level of 12.2 ± 0.11 mm, width – 28.3 ± 0.29 and thickness – 0.18 mm. The bottom part is developed in all pockets of the valve, it covers almost the entire lumen of the mouth, and the most significant development was in the right bag – 5.9 ± 0.11 mm. Valve nodules were noted in 67% of the valves, where the percentage of deviation from the centre was similar to the aortic valve. By analyzing the indicators of the distance between the sash commissures and the width of its free section, it is possible to judge the severity of the elasticity of the wall of the pulmonary trunk and aorta. At the same time, the width of the free edge of the flap exceeds the value of the distance between the commissures at the pulmonary trunk valve by 1.4 and the aortic valve by 1.34 times.
Nasua nasua is a representative of the forests of South America, and is also kept as a zoo animal. The animals have a pronounced mobile and long nose, a fluffy long tail, as a means of signaling; strong claws on the pectoral limbs, which serve not only to move through trees, but also to get food. Currently, there are isolated works on the morphology of the abdominal aorta of this type, but no features of the morphology of the heart have been found, which was the purpose of our study. The material was preserved in a 10% formalin solution of the heart, taken in different years from sexually mature noses received from the Irkutsk Zoo Gallery and the Siberian Zoo of Irkutsk. Classical methods of morphological research were used in the work: fine dissection, morphometry of the heart and its structures, description, sketches and photographing. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the average value of the absolute mass of the heart was 18.2 ± 0.33 g, has an ellipsoid shape, and the ratio of the thickness of the ventricles is at the level of 1:2.8. The internal structure of the right atrium is built of five scallop muscles of the 1st order and nine of the 2nd order, and four scallop muscles of the 1st order and eight of the second order participate in the relief of the left atrium. The shape of the auricle at the right atrium of the heart is 1.5 times greater than the value of the left atrium. In the left ventricle of the heart there are three papillary muscles (cranial and two caudal) with 21-24 tendon strings, and in the right ventricle there are six papillary muscles that carry up to 31 tendon strings on their surface. The septomarginal trabecula connects the parietal pedicle of the accessory and the base of the large papillary muscle.
This article studies peculiarities of the anatomical and histological structure of the aortic valve cusps in Baikal seal in the age of 3-3.5 years. Topographically, the aortic valve takes a central position and is located between the atrioventricular valves, and cranial - pulmonary valve. Projectively, the aortic valve is placed above the level of the atrioventricular valves, but below the level of the pulmonary valve. The aortic ostium has marked sinuses, two coronary and one septal, forming the aortic bulb. The valve is shown by the septal right and left semilunar cusps. The septal cusp is caudally attached to the aortic ostium and the right and left have a cranial location. Aortic valve cusps have three layers of connective tissue: fibrosa (aortic) – with collagen fibers, ventriculosa (ventricular) - with elastic and spongiosa (intermediate) - a combination of both fibers, give strength to this structure. The thickness of the ventricular layer of the cusp is 2.4 times higher than the thickness of the aortic layer. At the places of the greatest thickness value, there are transverse resections (2 deep and 4 surface), which increase the contact surface and increase the pressure on the cusp. The thinning area, which is located before the bulging edge of the cusp, acts as a closure point for the aortic valve cusps.
The article describes the features of venous blood outflow from the heart in the Baikal seal. The objects for the study were corrosion preparations of 11 hearts of the Baikal seal aged from 1 month to 10 years. In our research we used the methods of preparation, filling of vessels with the use of "Kudo" mounting foam, photographing and sketching the branching of vessels. It was established that in the Baikal seal, the outflow of venous blood occurs through the prominent coronary sinus and the large, intermediate, oblique vein of the left atrium, the middle and right heart veins that flow into it. In 18.2% of hearts, a coronary valve was found at the border of the great heart vein and the coronary sinus. The great heart vein begins above the apices of the heart and is formed from the fusing of the 6-11 collateral veins of the wall of the right ventricle, the venous pericardial plexus, and 9-16 branches on the side of the left ventricle. The most variable is the intermediate (marginal) branch, which in most cases has only one branch, however, in 18.2% of cases there are two ones or in 9.1% of cases, there are intermediate branches with a common trunk. The middle vein of the heart is located in the sub-sinus sulcus and anastomoses with the branch of the great vein of the heart, in 9.1% of cases, the valve of the coronary sinus was found at the border with the coronary sinus. The right veins of the heart have 5-6 branches, among which the marginal ones are the most prominent. 27.3% of Baikal seals have a venous sinus formed from the fusion of the middle and right coronary veins, as well as a duct connecting the large cardiac vein with this sinus.
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