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Hemodynamics of blood through the heart is carried out in one direction, where the diastole of the heart is replaced by a systole, and promotes the movement of blood through the circulatory circles. An important role in this is played not only by the heart valves, which restrain the movement of blood into the atria (sash) and ventricles (aortic valve and pulmonary artery), but also by myoendocardial formations and respiratory motility organs. In the available literature, the specific features of the heart in different animal species have been determined, however, no descriptions of the anatomy of endocardial formations of the right ventricle of the heart have been found in males of the Siberian roe deer.To assess the morphometric structures, hearts from 18-month-old Siberian roe deer males (n=3) obtained on the territory of the hunting grounds of the Irkutsk region were used. The heart has an ellipsoid shape, where the right ventricle is located above the level of the rounded tip of the left ventricle. Its internal structure is characterized by pronounced trabeculation, where two folding trabeculae are defined from the side of the free wall, which prevent the overgrowth of the fibrous ring. Among the relief of the right ventricle of the heart of the Siberian roe deer, four papillary muscles are distinguished – large, small, subterranean and additional, with certain morphological forms and indicators.Muscles give up to 24-27 tendon strings to the valve flaps. The septomarginal trabecula connects the base of the large papillary muscle and the interventricular septum, and three to four tendon cords between the septum and the ventricular wall.The greatest value of the height of the tricuspid valve flap was noted at the wall, and the width of the fastening and thickness at the partition flaps. The presence of two or three intermediate flaps was noted, which differ in smaller sizes (height - 9.5 ± 0.71; width – 10.2 ± 0.21 and thickness – 0.19 ± 0.01 mm).
Hemodynamics of blood through the heart is carried out in one direction, where the diastole of the heart is replaced by a systole, and promotes the movement of blood through the circulatory circles. An important role in this is played not only by the heart valves, which restrain the movement of blood into the atria (sash) and ventricles (aortic valve and pulmonary artery), but also by myoendocardial formations and respiratory motility organs. In the available literature, the specific features of the heart in different animal species have been determined, however, no descriptions of the anatomy of endocardial formations of the right ventricle of the heart have been found in males of the Siberian roe deer.To assess the morphometric structures, hearts from 18-month-old Siberian roe deer males (n=3) obtained on the territory of the hunting grounds of the Irkutsk region were used. The heart has an ellipsoid shape, where the right ventricle is located above the level of the rounded tip of the left ventricle. Its internal structure is characterized by pronounced trabeculation, where two folding trabeculae are defined from the side of the free wall, which prevent the overgrowth of the fibrous ring. Among the relief of the right ventricle of the heart of the Siberian roe deer, four papillary muscles are distinguished – large, small, subterranean and additional, with certain morphological forms and indicators.Muscles give up to 24-27 tendon strings to the valve flaps. The septomarginal trabecula connects the base of the large papillary muscle and the interventricular septum, and three to four tendon cords between the septum and the ventricular wall.The greatest value of the height of the tricuspid valve flap was noted at the wall, and the width of the fastening and thickness at the partition flaps. The presence of two or three intermediate flaps was noted, which differ in smaller sizes (height - 9.5 ± 0.71; width – 10.2 ± 0.21 and thickness – 0.19 ± 0.01 mm).
The heart, as the central organ of the cardiovascular system, also has its own arterial lines to supply blood to its wall. Currently, the vascularization of the heart in animals has not been sufficiently studied, there are conflicting facts from various authors of domestic and foreign origin regarding the types of blood supply to the heart in various species and breeds of domestic and wild animals, and there are also inconsistencies in the topography of the branches of the left and right coronary arteries. The brown bear is a common predator in the Russian Federation, which can often be found in various public institutions for keeping animals. The purpose of this study is to study the architectonics of the left coronary artery in a brown bear. To study the anatomy of the heart, the corpses of brown bears aged three to five years were taken. A total of six brown bear hearts were examined. To study the vascularization of the heart of the studied animals, classical and modern anatomical techniques were carried out, such as fine anatomical dissection and the production of corrosive preparations using latex. As a result of the study, it was established that the brown bear has a predominantly left coronal type of blood supply, since in four individuals the left coronary artery vascularized the area of the paraconal groove, subsinus groove and interventricular septum. But at the same time, it can also be assumed that a brown bear may have a uniform type of blood supply to the heart, due to the fact that in two individuals the subsinus groove was supplied with blood by the right coronary artery.
The common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) is a sea duck that belongs to the order Anseriformes and the family Anatidae. Due to their lifestyle, they are able to hold their breath for up to 30 minutes and dive to a depth of 10 meters. Such a load on the duck’s body contributes not only to the restructuring of morphological structures, but also to increased heart function. An analysis of the sources showed that the morphology of the heart in mammals and birds has been studied, but no work on the morphology of the right half of the heart in the common goldeneye was found, which was the purpose of our study. The material was hearts from male common goldeneye – 1.5-2 years old (n=3), caught in the bay of the Angara River. Thus, the cardiac index in the common goldeneye was determined to be 83%, and the presence of epicardial fat was noted on the side of the coronary and paroconal sulcus. The right ventricle is located above the level of the apex of the left ventricle, and 70.7% surrounds the borders of the left ventricle. The free appendages of the atrium are formed with the participation of eight pectineal muscles, which in the form of a ridge begin from the muscular valve, and dorsomedially closer to the atrial sinus, become thinner and unite at one point. The length of the pectineal muscle’s ranges at 8.2±0.54 mm, thickness 0.83±0.02 mm. The right ventricle is separated from the atrium by a muscular valve, which has its own characteristics of fastening, where its high part extends from the level of the subsinus groove (interventricular septum), forms the parietal part of the atrioventricular orifice and at the level of the vascular cone narrows slightly and is fixed in two parts to the wall of the ventricle. On the side of the right ventricle, trabeculae are expressed only under the muscular valve, where the crossbars are directed from left to right and downward, from its narrowing. The crossbars are 6.9±0.23 long and 0.83±0.03 mm wide, with jumpers up to 1 mm.
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