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This paper describes outstanding issues in astrophysics and cosmology that can be solved by astronomical observations in a broad spectral range from far infrared to millimeter wavelengths. The discussed problems related to the formation of stars and planets, galaxies and the interstellar medium, studies of black holes and the development of the cosmological model can be addressed by the planned space observatory Millimetron (the "Spectr-M" project) equipped with a cooled 10-m mirror. Millimetron can operate both as a single-dish telescope and as a part of a space-ground interferometer with very long baseline.

Observations of active galactic nuclei and microquasars by ASCA, RXTE, Chandra and XMM–Newton indicate the existence of wide X‐ray emission lines of heavy ionized elements in their spectra. The emission can arise in the inner parts of accretion discs where the effects of general relativity must be counted; moreover, such effects can dominate. We describe a procedure to estimate an upper limit of the magnetic fields in the regions where X‐ray photons are emitted. We simulate typical profiles of the iron Kα line in the presence of a magnetic field and compare them with observational data. As an illustration, we find H < 1010–1011 Gs for Seyfert galaxy MCG–6‐30‐15. Using the perspective facilities of measurement devices (e.g. Constellation‐X mission) a better resolution of the blue peak structure of the iron Kα line will allow us to find the value of the magnetic fields if the latter are high enough.

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