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The increased interest in the application of lasers in neuro-oncology prompted us to present our experience of using the laser technologies in the treatment of cerebral gliomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of image-guided laser surface thermal therapy (LSTT) and its influence on survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM).Data of 91 patients (49 males, 42 females, mean age 51.4 years, range 23-70 years) with supratentorial GBMs located in close vicinity to or within the eloquent brain areas were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups: LSTT group (n = 28) and control group (n = 63). There were no significant differences by gender, age, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and tumor location between groups. Total removal in the LSTT group was performed in 67.9%, in the control group-31.7% (p < 0.01); on the contrary, subtotal removal prevailed in the control group-52.4%; in the LSTT group, it was 32.1%. In postoperative period, there was no significant difference in KPS score between the groups (p = 0.89). A higher degree of resection provided an increase in survival rates (p < 0.01). The median overall survival was 15.5 ± 10.5 months, in the LSTT group 18.4 ± 11.7 and in the control group 14.3 ± 9.1 (p = 0.03). The application of image-guided LSTT in patients with GBMs of eloquent brain areas allowed the high rate of complete resection and improved overall survival without the negative effect on the functional status after surgery.

The aim of the work was to study the impact of fetal rat brain cell supernatant (FRBCS) on the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and p53 in C6 cells of rat glioma in vitro. Materials and Methods: FRBCS was obtained from suspensions of fetal rat brain cells on the 14th (E14) day of gestation. C6 glioma cells were cultured for 48 h in the presence of FRBCS or FRBCS + anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody. Immunocytochemical staining for TGF-β1 and p53 was performed. Results: The proportion of TGF-β1-immunopositive tumor cells in C6 glioma cultures was statistically significantly higher than in the control cell cultures of normal fetal rat brain. FRBCS reduced the proportion of TGF-β1-immunopositive tumor cells and increased the proportion of p53-immunopositive cells in C6 glioma cultures. In cells cultured with FRBCS + anti-TGF-β1 monoclonal antibody, the above effects of FRBCS were abrogated. Conclusion: The obtained results suggest that TGF-β1 seems to be responsible for decrease in TGF-β1 expression and increase in p53 expression in C6 glioma cells treated with FRBCS.

Dynamic discrete choice models often discretize the state vector and restrict its dimension in order to achieve valid inference. I propose a novel two-stage estimator for the set-identified structural parameter that incorporates a high-dimensional state space into the dynamic model of imperfect competition. In the first stage, I estimate the state variable's law of motion and the equilibrium policy function using machine learning tools. In the second stage, I plug the firststage estimates into a moment inequality and solve for the structural parameter. The moment function is presented as the sum of two components, where the first one expresses the equilibrium assumption and the second one is a bias correction term that makes the sum insensitive (i.e., Neyman-orthogonal) to first-stage bias. The proposed estimator uniformly converges at the root-N rate and I use it to construct confidence regions. The results developed here can be used to incorporate high-dimensional state space into classic dynamic discrete choice models, for example, those considered in Rust (1987), Bajari et al. (2007), and Scott (2013.

To evaluate the infl uence of the rat progenitor neurogenic cells supernatant (RPNS) on the transplantable rat malignant brain glioma cells (strain 101.8) under conditions of cultivation. Methods. primary cultures were obtained from glioma 101.8 fragments (n = 12) and intact brain of newborn rats (n = 9). RPNS was received from neurogenic cell suspensions of fetal rat brain on 8-11 th (E8-11) and 12-16 th (E12-16) days of gestation. Results. RPNS (E8-11) as well as RPNS (E12-16) showed a cytotoxic effect on the glioma 101.8 cells in short-term cultures, the level of which was dose-dependent and intensifi ed with increasing duration of incubation. RPNS (E12-16) had a more pronounced cytotoxic action on the cells of glioma 101.8 compared with RPNS (E8-11). The cytotoxic index (CI) of RPNS (E12-16) on the glioma 101.8 cells was signifi cantly higher than CI determined in cell suspensions of normal rat brain (CI was (91.99 ± 2.37) % and (22.9 ± 4.97) % respectively over 48 h incubation with RPNS). After RPNS (E8-11) infl uence on the glioma 101.8 primary cultures the signs of dose-dependent cytotoxic effects were observed: the thinning of growth areas, appearance of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in tumour cells and decreasing of a mitotic index. These features were strengthened under the RPNS (E12-16) infl uence. Conclusions. fetal RPNS showed dose-dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on the cultivated glioma 101.8 cells, which were intensifi ed with the increasing of rat brain gestational age and lengthening of the incubation duration. A prerequisite for such effects is likely the NPC ability to produce the substances with antitumour activity. K e y w o r d s: progenitor neurogenic cells, rat fetal brain, supernatant, glioma 101.8, cytotoxic index, mitotic index.

Стаття містить рисунки, які відображаються в друкованій версії у відтінках сірого, в електронній -у кольорі.with intravenous introduction of HSC (20 million cells) and suboccipital transplantation of FNC was associated with temporary significant deterioration after HSC administration and rapid recovery after FNC application (on the 29 th day). In all treatment options we revealed the tendency to reduction of pathologically changed neurocyts and gliocyts number. Conclusion.Suboccipital administration of allogeneic FNC improves the clinical condition of rats with EAE. The best results of experimental EAE treatment were observed at intravenous administration of HSC (20 million cells) followed by FNC neurotransplantation, particularly on the 63 rd day.