In the period of 2008-2014, we carried out the field experiments to evaluate the efficiency of soybean inoculation with Russian and foreign preparations of nodule bacteria on various subtypes of chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. All studied inoculants ensured an increase of soybean yield: on ordinary chernozem – on average, by 18.8 % (0.34 t/ha), on leached and typical chernozems – by 14.9 % (0.30 t/ha), on meadow chernozem of rice fields – by 59.1 % (1.04 t/ha). The protein content from inoculation increased by 1.7-1.9 %, in rice crop rotations – by 4.0-4.9 %. There was no significant difference in efficiency between Russian and foreign inoculants. In 2018-2019, in a field experiment on leached chernozem we established the varietal specificity by reaction to inoculation with various strains of rhizobia in new soybean varieties Bars and Irbis, confirming the expediency of selecting complementary pairs in the system soybean variety – rhizobia strain.
In 2018 and 2019, we studied new strains of nodule bacteria of soybean (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) in comparison with the standard (Noktin A) in field experiments on the experimental field of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (VNIIMK), Krasnodar on a leached extra heavy loam and weakly humus chernozem. The new strains were the strain 5/1, isolated from the meadow-chernozem soil of the Amur region and the strain 7p, isolated from the leached chernozem of the Krasnodar region. The aim of the research was to evaluate their effectiveness on promising soybean cultivars Slavia, Bars, Irbis and Opus by their influence on the development of symbiotic apparatus, development of root system and above-ground vegetative mass of plants in the phase of soybean vegetation, flowering and seed-filling, as well as on the seed yield and its quality.
For 2 years, on average, all strains to varying degrees contributed to a more intensive development of a root system and an increase of above-ground mass of soybean plants at the beginning of the growth season. We observed the maximum increase in biomass by the seedfilling phase in the Bars cultivar with strains 5/1 and in the standard – by 45 and 48 %, respectively. However, the Slavia cultivar with bacterization variants in this phase had less dry above-ground plants mass than the control, by 30-51 %.
Overall, the bacterization provided an increase in soybean productivity but to varying degrees by year and with different combinations of symbiotic partners (soybean cultivar – rhizobia strain). We observed the highest increase in seed productivity in Slavia and Opus cultivars: on average over 2 years - by 0.17-0.27 t/ha (8.7-13.0 %) and by 0.06-0.35 t/ha (2.6-15.1 %), respectively. The cultivars Bars and Irbis were less responsive to bacterization. We noted a certain cultivar-strain relation of preliminary complementary pairs: the Slavia cultivar – strains 5/1 and 7p; the Bars cultivar – strain 5/1; the Irbis cultivar – strains 5/1 and the standard; the Opus cultivar – strains 7p and the standard.
The use of growth regulators is an effective element of sunflower cultivation technology due to the ability of this class of substances in small quantities to positively affect plant resistance to stressful conditions and pathogens, increase plant productivity and yield quality. In 2019-2020, we studied the effect of the growth regulator ORGANOSTIM® based on water solutions of taxifolin and crezacin on the yield, seed quality and yield structure indicators of sunflower on leached chernozem of the central climatic area of the Krasnodar region. Presowing seed treatment and foliar spraying at the stages of 6 true leaves development and budding contributed to a significant increase in the number of seeds per head. This resulted in an increase in sunflower seed yield by 5.2-7.3 % and an increase in oil yield by 6.3-8.6 %.
The application of growth regulators in soybean cultivation is of great practical importance due to the ability of this class of substances in small quantities to positively influence plant resistance to stress conditions and pathogens, stimulate photosynthesis processes and increase plant productivity. In 2019-2020, we studied the effect of the plant growth regulator ORGANOSTIM® based on water solutions of taxifolin and crezacin on the yield and quality of seeds and yield structure indicators of soybean on the leached chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia. Seed treatment before sowing and foliar spraying at the stages of branching and flowering contributed to a significant increase in the number of beans and seeds per plant and thousand-seed weight. This increased the soybean seed yield by 6.1-8.5 %, protein yield by 7.5-10.4 %, and oil yield by 5.7-6.9 %.
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