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The oxidation potentiality of simulated aqueous solution of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) by Fenton's reagent was assessed for wastewater treatment. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ferrous ion (Fe2+) concentrations. Degradation reaction occurred within a limited pH range of 2.5-4.0. Maximum degradation occurred at a concentration of 22 mM of H2O2 and at 0.45 mM of Fe2+. Influence of temperature on degradation of 2-CP was investigated. Arrhenius plot for the degradation of 2-CP at various temperatures was plotted based on the experimental data. The role of solar light and UV in photo-fenton degradation of 2-CP was investigated and compared with Fenton process. In both Fenton and photo-fenton processes, free chloride ion generated from 2-CP degradation process reached a maximum concentration at a very short interval of time. Maximum DOC removal of 39% was achieved in Fenton's process (i.e.,) only 2/5th of compound was mineralized. The efficiency of mineralization was considerably improved to 95-97% in photo-fenton processes. Low molecular weight aliphatic organic compounds like oxalic acid and acetic acid formed during the reaction were monitored for Fenton's process. The fate of these stable intermediates compounds in photo-fenton processes were also discussed.

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Orthodontic fixed appliance therapy is the commonest mode of treatment for most types of malocclusions (teeth irregularities). However, these materials are liable for microbial adhesion, which predisposes the wearer to increased microbial burden. The present study aims to evaluate, microbial adhesion and growth on commonly used orthodontic ligating materials (Teflon coated wire, stainless steel wire, elastic rings) under in vitro condition. Furthermore, the role of saliva on adhesion and microbial colonization on said materials was also assessed. Experiments were conducted with three different orthodontic ligating materials each in 6 numbers. Growth OD, metabolic activity and cell viability were the experimental variables in addition to SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis performed. Results revealed irespective of the nature of the ligating materials, microbial adhesion and growth were observed in all the materials and suggested that the chosen materials promotes microbial adhesion. Nevertheless, stainless steel ligatures were less prone to adhesion compared to Teflon coated and elastic ligatures. Presence of saliva accelerates adhesion and growth.