Recent interests with copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) has arisen because of its low cost and antibacterial properties, as it may be one of the very important alternatives to silver NPs. Pulsed laser ablation of a solid target (copper) in liquid media is used to synthesize colloidal oxide copper (Cu 2 O and CuO NPs) NPs. These oxides of copper NPs were synthesized using Nd:YAG laser energy to maintain a 40 mJ/pulse wavelength at 1064 nm. During the synthesis of colloidal NPs only two conditions were opted, employing double distilled water (without PEG) and 10% preparation of PEG. Both NPs were prepared under the similar parameters such as optimized instrument settings, laser energy and time of laser exposure (1 h ablation). Further, these copper oxide NPs were characterized by advance technologies including UV-visible, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The significant antibacterial properties of synthesized materials were also observed. The cuprous oxide NPs, showed remarkable antibacterial effect conducted using disc diffusion techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of synthesized Cu 2 O NPs were recorded as 120 and 140 μg/L respectively against Staphylococcus aureus used as positive control. Therefore, based on the findings of present study Cu 2 O NPs can be exploited as stable antimicrobial agents for multipurpose uses.
An effective management practice was developed; thirteen fungitoxicants and six phyto-extracts were evaluated under laboratory condition. N. indica was isolated from infected wheat grains. Among the systemic fungicides, Tilt 25 EC at 200 ppm was adjudged best to check mycelia growth and teliospore germination of fungus. In case of non-systemic fungicides, Dithane M-45 was found highly effective at 2000 ppm. Among the phyto-extracts tested in laboratory, Lantana camara at 75 per cent concentration was found best for growth and teliospore germination inhibition of N. indica.
Dyes are organic compound have colouring properties of the object which used in industrial application. Huge effluent are releasing by industrial processing, where the microorganism may naturally adopted against particular problems. Present work focused over the selection and screening few best native candidates from diverse bacteria from semi-skilled dye industrial effluent. From eleven isolated bacterial colonies only two are found resistant against azo dyes (Methyl orange and Trypan blue). During the screening it observed that isolates of bacteria (VN1 and VN2) were tolerates and decolorize azo dye up to 500 ppm. These bacterial strain can be used efficientlyremoval of dyes contamina-tion from ex-situ and in-situ.
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