Tubers of forty four indigenous potato varieties were assessed for storage behaviour at room temperature, tuber dry matter content and cooking quality during 2010, 2011 and 2012. The maximum, minimum temperatures and relative humidity during storage period ranged between 26 to 40 °C, 17-28 °C and 18 to 82 %, respectively. The lowest total weight loss was recorded in variety Kufri Pushkar (7.7 %) followed by Kufri Lalima (7.9 %), Kufri Surya (8.3 %), Kufri Red (9.2 %), Kufri Dewa, Kufri Sheetman (9.3 %), Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti (9.5 %), Kufri Sindhuri (9.6 %), Kufri Kuber (9.7 %), Kufri Chipsona-1 (9.8 %), Kufri Kundan (9.9 %) and Kufri Chamatkar (10.0 %). Highest tuber dry matter content (%) was observed in Variety Kufri Kundan (24.2) followed by Kufri Himsona (23.7), Kufri Frysona (23.6), Kufri Kuber (22.7), Kufri Chipsona-2 (22.3). Kufri Khasigaro (22.0), Kufri Sheetman (21.9), Kufri Chipsona-3 (21.7) and lowest in Variety Kufri Khyati and Kufri Pukhraj (16.1 %). Of the total varieties, 14 were adjudged as floury, 15 mealy, 14 waxy and one (Kufri Ashoka) as soggy. The total weight loss had highly significant and positive correlation with sprout weight/Kg tubers (r = 0.76**), physiological weight loss (r = 0.97**). Based on the results potato varieties namely, Kufri Chamatkar, Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Dewa, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Kuber, Kufri Kundan, Kufri Lalima, Kufri Lauvkar, Kufri Pushkar, Kufri Red, Kufri Safed, Kufri Sheetman, Kufri Sindhuri possessed excellent keeping quality with medium to long tuber dormancy, low storage losses, medium to high tuber dry matter and good flavour. The information generated in this study can be utilized in the breeding programme. This can also help the farmer to choose and cultivate the potato varieties as per demand of the consumers.
Salinity stress is a major constraint to sustainable crop production due to its adverse impact on crop growth, physiology, and productivity. As potato is the fourth most important staple food crop, enhancing its productivity is necessary to ensure food security for the ever-increasing population. Identification and cultivation of salt-tolerant potato genotypes are imperative mitigating strategies to cope with stress conditions. For this purpose, fifty-three varieties of potato were screened under control and salt stress conditions for growth and yield-related traits during 2020. Salt stress caused a mean reduction of 14.49%, 8.88%, and 38.75% in plant height, stem numbers, and tuber yield, respectively in comparison to control. Based on percent yield reduction, the genotypes were classified as salt-tolerant (seven genotypes), moderately tolerant (thirty-seven genotypes), and salt-sensitive genotypes (nine genotypes). Seven salt-tolerant and nine salt-sensitive genotypes were further evaluated to study their responses to salinity on targeted physiological, biochemical, and ionic traits during 2021. Salt stress significantly reduced the relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance, and K+/Na+ ratio in all the sixteen genotypes; however, this reduction was more pronounced in salt-sensitive genotypes compared to salt-tolerant ones. The better performance of salt-tolerant genotypes under salt stress was due to the strong antioxidant defense system as evidenced by greater activity of super oxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and better osmotic adjustment (accumulation of proline). The stepwise regression approach identified plant height, stem numbers, relative water content, proline content, H2O2, POX, tuber K+/Na+, and membrane stability index as predominant traits for tuber yield, suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress. The identified salt-tolerant genotypes could be used in hybridization programs for the development of new high-yielding and salt-tolerant breeding lines. Further, these genotypes can be used to understand the genetic and molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in potato.
Potato is an important crop in India with area spread across Himalayan hills in the North to hot tropical conditions in South, albeit major area in subtropical Indo-Gangetic plains. The first common requirement in all regions is that the variety should have high performance for tuber yield along with essential agronomic traits. The present study was carried out to identify an ideal variety with wide adaptability for tuber yield and dry matter. Six varieties were evaluated in 9, 11 and 10 locations in the years 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17, respectively for TY, MY and DM. The data were analysed with ANOVA, mixed models, BLUPs and GGE biplot as well as univariate stability statistics. Combined analysis of variance showed significant genotype, environment and genotype  environment interactions. The relative magnitudes of G, E and GÂE variances accounted for 6.76-8.91, 51.85-76.65 and 12.41-23.19 per cent for TY and 2.86-4.66, 65.87-72.85 and 13.74-20.04 per cent for DM. Although the genotypes contributed significantly, major part of the variation was explained by environments for all the three traits. Mean across locations and years, and BLUP values of varieties for all the three traits showed similar results with Kufri Khyati as the best variety for TY and MY, whereas Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Garima were best for DM. Based on GGE biplot and univariate stability statistics, Kufri Khyati was the ideal high yielding wide adaptable variety in all the three years and Kufri Jyoti was the ideal variety based on mean dry matter and stability. The environments were very diverse and their clustering suggested three groups, which can be used as three separate zones for varietal evaluation and regional deployment of varieties.
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