Planck’s radiation formula is used to estimate the dimensionless efficiency of incandescent lamps as a function of filament temperature, with typical values of 2%–13%. Similarly, using the known spectral luminous efficiency of the eye, the efficacy of incandescent light bulbs is estimated as a function of temperature, showing values of 8–24 L W−1 for bulbs of 10–1000 W. The efficiency and efficacy results compare favorably with published data and enable estimation of the filament temperature for any lamp of known efficacy.
We revisit the standard treatment [Xu, Kharzeev, Satz and Wang, Phys. Rev. C 53, 3051 (1996)] of J/ψ suppression due to gluonic bombardment in an equilibrating quark-gluon plasma. Effects arising from gluon fugacity, relative g − ψ flux, and ψ meson formation time are correctly incorporated in the formulation of the gluon number density, velocity-weighted cross section, and the survival probability. Our new formulae are applied to numerically study the pattern of J/ψ suppression in the central rapidity region at RHIC/LHC energies. The temperature and transverse momentum dependence of our graphs have noticeable differences from those of Xu et al.
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