The strawberry, Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne (Rosales: Rosaceae), is an important crop in Mexico. We evaluated the tolerance of three newly developed Mexican strawberry varieties (CP0615, CPLE-7, and CPJacona) to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), the most important pest of strawberry. We evaluated the effect of three different initial mite densities on population growth, duration of each developmental stage and survival of T. urticae on the three strawberry varieties. We also compared the photosynthetic activity (Pn), sub-stomatal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs) and the area of leaf damaged in the three varieties. The largest final density of mites occurred on the variety CP0615, followed by the varieties CPLE-7 and CPJacona. There were no significant differences in the duration of T. urticae developmental stages amongst the varieties, except for larvae where the shortest duration was on variety CPLE-7. The proportion of eggs reaching the adult stage (survival) was significantly lower on the variety CPLE-7. The number and morphology of the trichomes did not play an important role in the outcomes, as they were similar in the three varieties. There were no significant differences in Pn, Ci, and gs values amongst the three varieties in the presence and absence of T. urticae. The area of leaf damaged in variety CPLE-7 was significantly smaller than for the other varieties. Based on these results, and with regard to spider mite tolerance, we believe that the variety CPLE-7 has the greatest potential for further development, and eventually, for use on a commercial scale in Mexico.
Lime trees develop as shrubs, with a dense canopy and small, abundant sharp spines on all their branches. If lime trees are allowed to grow freely in deep, sandy, loam soil, with ample nutrient availability, they can reach up to 8 m tall in 12 years. Lime trees are evergreen and have functional leaves all year round. The distance between two leaves is the internode. When there is strong branch growth, internodes tend to be longer. When a terminal bud appears on a branch, thus halting new leaf production and growth of any existing ones, internodes become shorter. These are fundamental concepts that aid differentiation of the kinds of lime branches. This chapter describes the Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia [C. aurantiifolia]) branches with different types of buds and leaves, as well as the tree phenology, focusing on vegetative sprouting, flower sprouting, fruit development and maturation, and flowering management.
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