Asthma control in real life is unsatisfactory. Rhinitis and asthma influence each other in terms of control and HRQoL. The control of rhinitis in asthma patients can lead to an optimization of HRQoL related to the upper airways, while this phenomenon is not so evident in asthma. These results suggest to strengthen the ARIA recommendation that asthma patients must be evaluated for rhinitis and vice versa.
In perinatal medicine, there is an emerging interest on the potential usefulness of non-invasive brain biochemical monitoring in infants at risk for brain injury. To date, several biomarkers such as neuro-proteins, calcium binding proteins, oxidative stress markers, vasoactive agents, inflammatory mediators, have been investigated. Results showed that hypoxia insult, under different conditions, triggers a biochemical pathophysiological cascade of events leading to brain damage. In this setting, increased biomarkers concentrations in different biological fluids have been found to correlate with the occurrence of brain damage at short-long term both in preterm and term fetuses/newborns. However, before inclusion of any biomarker in guidelines, USA and European institutions have recently stated a panel of criteria that have to be fulfilled. Therefore, the present review offers an overview of the main biomarkers currently studied in perinatal medicine and their progresses according to institutions' criteria.
Blunt thoracic injury (BTI) constitutes a common presentation in emergency department: rib fractures are the most common injuries. Chest X-ray (CXR) has a limited sensitivity to identify rib fractures. We perform this retrospective study in our emergency department collecting all patients with BTI during an 18-month period. PoCUS was performed prior to acquire CXR or CT. We evaluated 1672 patients with BTI, and we reported rib fractures in 689 patients (41.21%). PoCUS was performed in 190 patients. PoCUS in emergency medicine has an increasing role, especially in BTI, but less clear is its role in detecting ribs fracture. PoCUS seems to be an effective method for diagnosing rib fracture in patients with blunt chest trauma if collaborative and with a well-isolated trauma. We used the trick of patients' self-positioning probe in the most painful site, and this could reduce the time and the pain of the examination.
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