Aims: To evaluate the performance of farmers’ onion varieties against purple blotch disease at different locations and to correlate Percent Disease Index with yield attributing and other important traits. Study Design: Randomized Block Design, Field demonstration. Place and Duration of Study: National Innovation Foundation- India Gandhinagar Gujarat, Repoli and Palghar research stations of Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli Maharashtra during October 2017 to April 2019. Methodology: Two farmers’ onion varieties Sona-40 and Sandip were characterized and tested for their response against purple blotch disease under field condition in comparison with location-specific check varieties. Percent Disease Index of purple blotch was observed, compared and correlated with important traits viz. the plant height, leaves per plant, bulb diameter, maturity period, bulb weight, bulb yield and keeping quality. In Maharashtra areas, the study was conducted under Repoli and Palghar conditions during winter (Rabi) 2017, whereas at Gandhinagar Gujarat, it was undertaken in winter (Rabi) 2017 and 2018. Results: The farmers’ onion cultivars Sandip and Sona-40 were found to be tolerant to the purple blotch disease at all the locations. In Maharashtra and Gujarat, the average Percent Disease Index (PDI) in Sona-40 (12.1%, 12.2%) and Sandip (10.75%, 14.64%) was found significantly lower as compared to the checks respectively. The present studies also confirmed that onion bulb’s yield, weight and keeping quality were significantly correlated with the purple blotch disease. Conclusion: This study exhibited that the farmers’ onion varieties may perform better against disease infestation such as purple blotch disease. It also confirmed that the response of the onion varieties against purple blotch may vary in different locations. It is shown that the bulb weight, yield and shelf life of bulbs are significantly affected by purple blotch disease.
Rice yields are largely influenced by variability in weather. Here, we demonstrate the effect of weather variables viz., maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall, morning and evening relative humidity, bright sunshine hours on the yield of rice cv. Swarna, grown across five rice ecologies of India through field experiments during kharif (wet) season (Jun-Sept.). Critical thresholds of weather elements were identified for achieving above average, average and below average yield for each ecology. The investigation could determine how different weather elements individually and collectively affect rice yield in different rice ecosystems of India. While a sudden increase in minimum temperature by 8-10 °C (> 30 °C) during reproductive period resulted in 40-50 per cent yield reduction at Mohanpur, a sudden decrease (< 20 °C) caused yield decline at Dapoli. The higher yields may be attributed to a significant difference in bright sunshine hours between reproductive phases of above-average and below-average yield years (ranging from 2.8 to 7.8 hours during P5 stages and 1.7 to 5.1 during P4 stages). Rice cultivar Swarna performed differently at various sowing dates in a location as well as across locations (6650 kg ha-1 at Dapoli to 1101 kg ha-1 at Samastipur). It was also found that across all locations, the above average yield could be associated with higher range of maximum temperature compared to that of below average yield. Principal component analysis explained 77 per cent of cumulative variance among the variables at first growth stage, whereas 70 per cent at second growth stage followed by 74 per cent and 66 per cent at subsequent growth stages. We found that coastal locations, in contrast to inland ones, could maximize the yield potential of the cultivar Swarna, due to the longer duration of days between panicle initiation to physiological maturity. We anticipate that the location-specific thresholds of weather factors will encourage rice production techniques that are climate resilient.
A field experiment was conducted at ARS, Repoli (18 0 .18' North latitude and 73 0 .32' East longitude), to study the bioefficacy and phytotoxicity of Carfentrazone-Ethyl40 % DF in direct seeded rice during Summer (January) of 2018. The field experiment was laid out in randomised block design with 14 treatments consists of Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 12.5 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 25 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 50 g ml-1 a.i.ha-1 at 20 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 12.5 g ml-1 a.i.ha-1 at 30 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40 per cent DF @ 25 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 50 g ml-1 a.i.ha-1 at 30 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 12.5 g ml-1 a.i.ha-1 at 40 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 25 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 40 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 50 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 40 DAS, Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 25 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS (market product), Oxyflourofen 23.5% EC @ 150-240 a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS, Bispyribac sodium 10% SC @ 20 g ml-1 ha-1 at 30 DAS, Untreated control and Hand weeding at 20 DAS and 40 DAS and three replications. Application of Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF @ 25 g ml-1 a.i. ha-1 at 30 DAS recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield as compared to rest of the treatments under study as well as more weed control efficiency (86.19%) at harvest. No phytotoxicity effect was observed in any treatment after testing Carfentrozone ethyl 40% DF in direct seeded rice.
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