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ФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет», г. Самара, Россия Аннотация: В статье рассмотрены способы сохранения эффективной нейропластичности, с помощью использо-вания принципов своевременной профилактики хронической ишемии головного мозга человека, влияния цирка-дианной биофизики и хрономедицины, применения новых аспектов метаболомики и сбалансированного функ-ционального питания, с целью клинического применения комбинированных активных методов повышения каче-ства функционирования головного мозга человека. Современная многоуровневая и полифункциональная инфор-мационная и электромагнитная «перегрузка» приводит к перестройке нейронной сети. Эта перестройка не должна искажать результатов предыдущего воздействия (возбуждения, обучения и т.д.), т. е. не должна затраги-вать образованных нейрональных компартментов вторичных нейронных сетей. Ключевые слова: биофизика нейропроцессов, когнитивные нарушения, нейропластичность, хрономедицина, циркадианная биофизика

The responses of A5 region neurons, the phrenic nerve, and systemic blood pressure to short-term hypoxia were examined in rats under conditions of spontaneous respiration. Tonic and respiration-modulated neurons increasing their discharge activity during hypoxia were identified. This hypoxia-induced response was more pronounced in the neurons with baseline discharge rate of 0.1-4.5 Hz (electrical activity of neurons increased by 4-5 times) compared to neurons with the baseline activity of 5.4-49.6 Hz (discharge rate increased by 1.4-2.0 times). The latency and duration of activation of all types A5 neurons correlated with the parameters of activation of the phrenic nerve. During hypoxia, activation of A5 neurons corresponded to the period of blood pressure drop (one-third of the reaction time), but not to the period of plateau or recovery phase. Low-, middle, and high-frequency A5 neurons participated in the modulation of hypoxia-provoked respiratory and hypotensive responses. Modulation of the respiratory response by A5 neurons was observed during the entire period of phrenic nerve activation, while modulation of the hypotensive response occurred only during blood pressure decrease.

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Hypoxia was followed by more pronounced activation of the respiratory center and pronounced hypotensive response after unilateral injection of nitric oxide synthase blocker L-NAME into the A5 region. Microinjection of exogenous nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside into the A5 region abolished the effect of L-NAME on hypoxia-induced changes in activity of the respiratory center and blood pressure. Bilateral transection of the vagal and sinocarotid nerves suppressed the response of the respiratory center to hypoxia. However, the hypotensive response to hypoxia in these rats did not differ from that in intact animals. Under conditions of peripheral chemoreceptor deafferentation, the hypotensive response to hypoxia did not differ before and after blockade of nitric oxide synthase in the A5 region. The regulation of respiratory center activity and blood pressure during hypoxia was modulated by A5 neurons with the involvement of nitric oxide.

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The development of human intellectual abilities in these periods is associated with the maximum speed of the formation of synaptic connections between neurons, which requires a large amount of different information. When there is its insufficient flow, the child experiences data starvation that causes a state of discomfort.

Modern technologies and tools for the rehabilitation of patients with Alzheimer’s disease have many potential applications for the treatment of dementia from diagnosis and evaluation to medical care, medical, social and economic support: from healthy aging, to accelerated and pathological aging of Homo sapiens. Doctor and neuroscientist: a modern solution to problems of rehabilitation ‘cognitive brain’ of Homo sapiens using on the one hand, tools and technologies of artificial intelligence, and with another — a multidisciplinary collaboration with clinical neurophysiologist ‘universal’ specialist in the field of neurology, psychiatry, psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and geriatrics. Systems biology, Biophysics, physiology, neurophysiology and highlight the multidimensional and combinatorial profiles of genetic, biological, pathophysiological and clinical biomarkers that reflects the heterogeneity of neurodegeneration, by means of modern efficient analysis tools to register and create comprehensive maps of the brain and recording of dynamic models in different systems: from molecules to neurons to brain regions. Bioinformatics, neuroimaging and neurophysiology of systems are aimed at calculating neural network models of the relationship between structure and dynamic function in brain networks. Structural and functional markers of the brain establish a link between clinical phenotypes and molecular pathophysiological mechanisms. Phenotypic variability is now considered one of the biggest problems in gerontology and geriatrics. MRI imaging to detect subtle changes in brain tissue and structure, fMRI imaging to measure changes in brain activity, and EEG to measure electrical activity have given clinicians many new insights into what happens in the brain in healthy and pathological aging. The paradigm of system neurophysiology is aimed at studying the fundamental principles of functioning of integrated neural systems through the integration and analysis of neural information recorded in a multimodal way (for example, fMRI and EEG), through computational modeling and combining data mining methods. The ultimate goal of systemic neurophysiology is to find out how signals are represented in neocortical networks and what role many different neural components play. Modern artificial intelligence technologies are capable of many things, including predicting Alzheimer's disease with the help of combined and hybrid neuroimaging, sequencing of a new generation, etc., in order to start timely and effective rehabilitation brain Homo sapiens.