<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by lyssavirus and spread through saliva of rabid animal bite. This study was taken to compare primary closure versus non-closure of animal bite wounds.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective randomized study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of patients with non-closure of wounds and group B with primary closure of wounds. Patients were followed up for wound healing time, infection and cosmesis.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> This study consists of 540 patients (323 males and 217 females). The common age group was paediatric and geriatric age. Most common animal bite was from dogs. The average healing time in non-infected wound in group A versus group B with Lackman’s I and II grading was 10.5±1.25 and 12.5±1.5 days versus 7±1.25 and 8.5±1.5 days respectively. There were 19 cases in group A and 17 cases in group B with infection which subsided with antibiotics in 24 hrs. Cosmesis graded on VSS was better in group B (average 4.03±1.5) as compared to group A (average 2.44±0.185). Only one patient from group A with Lackman’s grade II contacted rabies died 2yrs after the bite.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Animal bite wounds over head and neck were found to be more common in paediatric and geriatric population who are more vulnerable. Infection and spread of rabies virus through these wounds can be prevented by thorough debridement and cleaning whereas primary suturing helps in achieving early wound healing and better cosmesis producing a socially and functionally acceptable scar.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

Internal jugular venous (IJV) Phlebectasia are rare disorders. It is generally diagnosed at an early age, usually unidentified or misdiagnosed or ignored because of the scarcity of the knowledge on the disorder. We encountered a case of 7-year-old child with a right sided intermittent neck swelling which mimicked as an external laryngocele. But, the diagnosis of IJV Phlebectasia was made on “dynamic” ultrasound (USG) doppler study. Cervical adenopathy, mediastinal masses, tuberculosis and certain syndromes of connective tissue disorders were ruled out. The child was managed conservatively with parents and the child being educated about disorder.

Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of thyroid nodules in comparison with other diagnostic modalities and to make early and accurate differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules with incidence of malignancy in thyroid nodules. There is 4-5 % incidence of clinically apparent thyroid nodules in the general population. The majority (90%) of thyroid nodules are benign as malignancy occurs in only 1 in 10 thyroid nodules. The overall incidence of malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule ranges between 10% and 30%. Material and Methods: A prospective study was carried out on 42 cases with nodular goitre attending the surgery OPD, NKP Salve Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre and Lata Mangeshkar Hospital, Digdoh Hills, Hingna Road, Nagpur from October 2010 to October 2012. All patients were subjected to USG and FNAC. Results: In this prospective study of 42 cases with nodular goitre, clinically 29 patients had solitary thyroid nodule and 13 patients had multinodular goitre. Out of these 42 patients 35 (83.33%) were female and 7 (16.67%) were male with ratio of 5:1, the age of the patients ranged from 18 years to 65 years. Out of these 29 patients of solitary thyroid nodule, 5 patients had malignancy on histopathological examination. So the incidence of malignancy in clinically solitary thyroid nodule was found to be 17.24%.It was observed that USG was 71.43% sensitive and 90.62% specific in detection of malignancy in nodular goitre whereas FNAC was 75% sensitive and 100% specific in the same regard. Conclusion:The sensitivity and specificity of these diagnostic modalities were evaluated and it was found that USG and FNAC have a high specificity. No investigation was found to be 100% accurate in diagnosing malignancy in nodular goitre but a combination of various diagnostic modalities (ultrasonography and FNAC) rather than any single modality will give optimal results and avoid unnecessary surgery in a great number of patients without missing any malignancy.

Tongue is one of the most common subsites involved by oral cancer. Improved surgical care and adjuvant therapy, along with better rehabilitation has significantly improved long-term survival and quality of life in patients with oral cancer. Primary surgical treatment is the preferred modality of treatment in cancers of the oral tongue. Although the surgical techniques have remained unchanged, various devices have been used to aid primary tumour resection, with a view to reduce bleeding and scarring. The purpose of this study is to compare resection of oral tongue tumours using ultrasonic coagulation device with conventional electrodiathermy. This study was conducted to compare histological margins and duration of surgery between ultrasonic coagulation device and electrodiathermy in the resection of oral tongue tumours. A retrospective analysis was performed comprising patients undergoing wide excision for squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral tongue, with either ultrasonic coagulation device or conventional electrodiathermy at Our Institute in Mumbai, India, from October 2015 to December 2016. Single factor ANOVA with the level of significance set at 95% and alpha value of 0.05. Patients who underwent excision with ultrasonic coagulation device better histologically tumour-free margins (except posterior margin) (p values-anterior margin, posterior margin, lateral margin and deep margin 0.0045, 0.59, 0.011 and 0.00013 respectively) and lesser operative time when compared with conventional electrodiathermy. Ultrasonic coagulation device was effective in providing adequate oncologically safe margins in carcinoma tongue.

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The general rule to follow in nasal pathology is to intervene "as extensive as required and as limited as possible". There are various surgical methods described in the literature for the removal of Antrochoanal polyp that are refractory to medical treatment. However, these methods fail to restore and maintain the optimal physiology of the nose thus reducing the quality of life post operatively. Here in this article, we describe a relatively easy, safe and cost effective method of complete removal of the Antrochoanal polyp with the use of simple rubber catheters. It negates the need for sophisticated instruments and also helps in restoring the physiological function of the nose effectively as the nasal mucosa is left undisturbed.

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of nasal blockage in children to seek an otorhinolaryngologist, which is often presented as recurrent acute otitis media, sleep disordered breathing including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypo apnea syndrome and chronic rhinosinusitis. Surgical adenoidectomy is a common Otolaryngology procedure recommended in children with adenoid hypertrophy not responding to medical line of management. Conventional adenoidectomy is performed blindly without visualizing the nasopharynx; which leads to complications like inadequate adenoid tissue removal, eustachian tube scarring, bleeding. This has led to development of alternate surgical methods with visualization of nasopharynx via nasal endoscopes. With the recent introduction of microdebrider and coblation in rhino surgery many surgeons prefer endoscopic guided microdebrider adenoidectomy and endoscopic guided coblation adenoidectomy.

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