Background Increased occurrence of mucormycosis during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in early 2021 in India prompted us to undertake a multi-site case–control investigation. The objectives were to examine the monthly trend of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis (CAM) cases among in-patients and to identify factors associated with development of CAM. Methods Eleven study sites were involved across India; archived records since 1st January 2021 till 30th September 2021 were used for trend analysis. The cases and controls were enrolled during 15th June 2021 to 30th September 2021. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Among 1211 enrolled participants, 336 were CAM cases and 875 were COVID-19 positive non-mucormycosis controls. Results CAM-case admissions reached their peak in May 2021 like a satellite epidemic after a month of in-patient admission peak recorded due to COVID-19. The odds of developing CAM increased with the history of working in a dusty environment (adjusted odds ratio; aOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.34, 7.82), diabetes mellitus (aOR: 31.83, 95% CI 13.96, 72.63), longer duration of hospital stay (aOR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.02, 1.11) and use of methylprednisolone (aOR: 2.71, 95% CI 1.37, 5.37) following adjustment for age, gender, occupation, education, type of houses used for living, requirement of ventilatory support and route of steroid administration. Higher proportion of CAM cases required supplemental oxygen compared to the controls; use of non-rebreather mask (NRBM) was associated as a protective factor against mucormycosis compared to face masks (aOR: 0.18, 95% CI 0.08, 0.41). Genomic sequencing of archived respiratory samples revealed similar occurrences of Delta and Delta derivates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both cases and controls. Conclusions Appropriate management of hyperglycemia, judicious use of steroids and use of NRBM during oxygen supplementation among COVID-19 patients have the potential to reduce the risk of occurrence of mucormycosis. Avoiding exposure to dusty environment would add to such prevention efforts.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Rabies is a zoonotic disease caused by lyssavirus and spread through saliva of rabid animal bite. This study was taken to compare primary closure versus non-closure of animal bite wounds.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective randomized study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of patients with non-closure of wounds and group B with primary closure of wounds. Patients were followed up for wound healing time, infection and cosmesis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> This study consists of 540 patients (323 males and 217 females). The common age group was paediatric and geriatric age. Most common animal bite was from dogs. The average healing time in non-infected wound in group A versus group B with Lackman’s I and II grading was 10.5±1.25 and 12.5±1.5 days versus 7±1.25 and 8.5±1.5 days respectively. There were 19 cases in group A and 17 cases in group B with infection which subsided with antibiotics in 24 hrs. Cosmesis graded on VSS was better in group B (average 4.03±1.5) as compared to group A (average 2.44±0.185). Only one patient from group A with Lackman’s grade II contacted rabies died 2yrs after the bite.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Animal bite wounds over head and neck were found to be more common in paediatric and geriatric population who are more vulnerable. Infection and spread of rabies virus through these wounds can be prevented by thorough debridement and cleaning whereas primary suturing helps in achieving early wound healing and better cosmesis producing a socially and functionally acceptable scar.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Internal jugular venous (IJV) Phlebectasia are rare disorders. It is generally diagnosed at an early age, usually unidentified or misdiagnosed or ignored because of the scarcity of the knowledge on the disorder. We encountered a case of 7-year-old child with a right sided intermittent neck swelling which mimicked as an external laryngocele. But, the diagnosis of IJV Phlebectasia was made on “dynamic” ultrasound (USG) doppler study. Cervical adenopathy, mediastinal masses, tuberculosis and certain syndromes of connective tissue disorders were ruled out. The child was managed conservatively with parents and the child being educated about disorder.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.