The effect of water salinity (3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60‰) on growth and proximate as well as mineral composition of Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei was evaluated in a 45-day indoor trial. Significantly higher (p<0.05) growth was observed between 10 and 30‰ salinity, with specific growth rate and daily growth coefficient of 2.57-2.64 and 2.00-2.08 respectively. Poor survival of 26.66% was noticed at 60‰. Higher levels of protein and lipid as well as lower levels of moisture and ash were found in shrimp reared in high salinity water. Calcium level in whole shrimp was around 30 g kg-1 up to 30‰ and a gradual reduction was observed from 40 to 60‰ (23.49 to16.24 g kg-1). Sodium and potassium contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher and lower respectively in hyper saline reared shrimp carcass. Ca: P ratio was almost constant at 3:1 in shrimps reared up to 30‰ salinity and the ratio decreased beyond 30‰. The mineral profiles of water and shrimp were negatively correlated for calcium (-0.830), potassium (-708) and Ca: P ratio (-0.654). The present results indicate that potassium and magnesium supplementation may be helpful in low saline waters and limiting the mineral quantities in the diet especially calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium may be advised for high salinity shrimp rearing.
A 45-days indoor laboratory trial was performed with juveniles of Penaeus vannamei (3.11±0.64 g) to evaluate the effect of salinity on mineral contents in different tissues. Juveniles of P. vannamei were acclimatised to different salinity levels of 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60, using sea salt or freshwater at the rate of 2 per day from the original salinity. A total of 45 pre-acclimatised shrimps were taken for each treatment with three replications. At the end of the experimental period, shrimps were dissected to remove hepatopancreas, muscle and exoskeleton after collecting haemolymph; which were subjected to mineral analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Calcium deposition was reduced by 55 and 40% in muscle and exoskeleton, respectively, whereas it increased by 142% in hepatopancreas of shrimp reared in 60 compared to 20 salinity. Magnesium and sodium content increased with increasing salinity in all the tissues except in muscle. Of all the macro elements, phosphorus (7.66 to 9.17 g kg-1) was high in muscle and calcium was predominant in exoskeleton (44.30 to 79.98 g kg-1) while sodium dominated in haemolymph (159.34-327.73 mmol l-1) compared to other elements. Shrimps reared in various salinities did not show significant difference in nutritional value in terms of mineral content in muscle. Results indicated that P. vannamei is a very efficient osmoregulator in low saline environment, in particular at 10 to 30 compared to the extreme high saline environment (60).
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