A four-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with modified substrate geometry is proposed. The antenna comprises a hollow semi-hexagonal-shaped conductive element on the top with the modified ground plane geometry. Polarization diversity and isolation are achieved by replicating the elements orthogonally. The L-shaped part is removed from all the sides of the substrate in the proposed four-element antenna structure. This makes the structure compact and helps in accommodating the antenna within compact electronic gadgets. Modified ground plane consisting of partial ground, semi ellipse slot, and inverted L strip helps the antenna in achieving wide bandwidth spanning from (139.31%) 2.84 to 15.88 GHz covering UWB (3-10 GHz), X (8-12 GHz), and Ku band (12-15.88 GHz) applications. The antenna achieves a size of 0.55λ × 0.55λ mm 2 (lowest frequency) which is printed on FR4 substrate. The antenna attains wide impedance bandwidth, Omni-directional pattern, isolation >16 dB, ECC < 0.07, average gain >4 dBi, and radiation efficiency in the range of 78% to 89% making the MIMO antenna suitable for portable applications.
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