Electrically conductive polyaniline (PANI) and its blend with polycarbonate (PC) was prepared by one-step emulsion polymerization technique in which sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) acts as surfactant and as a protonating agent for the resulting polymer. The prepared PANI and its blends were characterized by density, percentage of water absorption, and electrical conductivity. PANI-PC blend exhibits a conductivity value of 4.70 ϫ 10 Ϫ2 S/cm (PANI-PC1) and 5.68 ϫ 10 Ϫ5 S/cm (PANI-PC3) with a change in dopant from p-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA) to SLS, respectively. By using a more general method, which takes into account the presence of disorder of the second kind in polymers proposed by Hosemann, crystal size (͗N͘) and lattice strain (g in %) values were estimated. The variation of conductivity in doped PANI and PANI-PC blend has been explained on the basis of these microcrystalline parameters. TGA thermograms of PANI and PANI-PC blend show three-step degradation behavior. Thermal stability of PANI was improved after blending with PC.
A series of polyurethane (PU) green composites have been synthesized with varying amounts, namely 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wt% of soya protein isolate (SPI) by two methods. In the first method, castor oil (CO) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) molar ratio is CO/TDI : 1/1 with varying amounts of the SPI content. In the second method, the molar ratio of TDI is calculated by considering the -OH groups of both CO and SPI. We made the assumption that, in the first method, SPI acts as a filler and in the second method SPI is one of the coreactants in PU formation. The mechanical properties of the fabricated PU/SPI green composites are evaluated; and it is found that the tensile strength increases up to 8 wt% of SPI, and a further increase in SPI leads to reduction in the tensile strength. The small angle x-ray scattering profiles have been used to evaluate the arrangement of amorphous (A) and crystalline (C) regions in the PU/SPI green composites in a scale of about 700 Ǻ by considering the variation in scattered intensity with scattering angles ranging from 0.3°to 1.5°. For this purpose, a linear paracrystalline model is used. In this study, the exponential distribution of phase lengths gives a good agreement between the measured and computed data on the basis of a linear paracrystal model. It is observed that there are significant changes in the distribution of phase lengths due to changes in the composition and chemical structure of PU/SPI composites obtained by methods 1 and 2. C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2016, 35, 21526; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.
ABSTRACT:The small-angle X-ray scattering intensity data recorded from silk fibers were compared with the simulated data obtained from a linear paracrystalline model. For this purpose, an exponential distribution function for the amorphous and crystalline phase lengths was used. There are significant changes in phase lengths because of amino acid compositional changes in different families of silk fibers.
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