The article considers the human right to a decent standard of living, its consolidation in international legal acts on human rights, constitutions and legislation of foreign states. It is emphasized that different terminology in the constitutions of states reflects a conflicting understanding of human rights, as well as the level of their development in a specific state. In this regard, different approaches to the studied terminology are observed in modern scientific literature. It is noted that a reliable idea of what constitutes the right to life and the right to a dignified life can be formed under the condition of synthesis of knowledge about what life is in general, as well as about the criteria of its dignity. The opinion expressed is that social and legal criteria for a dignified human life represent a multi-component open system. The level of self-realization of a person, acting in this system as an integral, system-creating criterion, is concretized into certain, quite important components: which make it possible to assess the sufficiency of material goods necessary to ensure the real possibility of realizing individual interests and needs; the sufficiency of intangible goods necessary to ensure the realization of individual interests and needs; legal guarantee and protection of the right to a dignified life. It was emphasized that the level of realization of the right to a decent life is influenced by various factors: state social policy, level of development of the social sphere in the country, living conditions of the population, lifestyle, investment climate, state of the environment, spirituality, socio-historical processes, income of the population, poverty and inequality, unemployment and labor force utilization, demographic dynamics, education and training, health, food and nutrition, housing conditions, infrastructure, communication, culture, social ties, family values, political and social stability, political and civil institutions. Based on the analysis of scientific points of view and legislation, the author comes to the conclusion that the right to a decent standard of living as a legal category is the minimum standard for satisfying human needs in various spheres: from physiological to spiritual. It includes social, economic and political rights that allow a person to be a worthy member of society, to develop freely in the conditions of security and social protection of the state. This right is enshrined in all the main international acts, both universal and regional, which define basic human rights and freedoms.
The article examines the peculiarities of the unification of norms in the field of international labour regulation based on the analysis of international legal acts at the universal and regional levels, as well as related problems and characteristics. The methodological basis of the study were general and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method examines the problems of unification of regulation of international employment norms, along with the problems of labour migration management and their relationship with a number of trends that have different effects on international labour law. Formal and logical together with systematic methods were used in the study of the content of international legal acts that establish international labour standards, basic rights and guarantees in the field of labour and employment. The main result of the study is the regulation of the main trends in the process of unification of norms in the field of international labour law, as well as the conclusions and proposals aimed at improving the effectiveness of legal regulation of international labour law. Emphasis is also placed on the content, meaning and features of general substantive law, which enshrine international labour standards, basic rights and guarantees of migrant workers. Keywords: efficiency of legal regulation, unification of norms, international agreement, guarantees of rights
The article encompases the analysis of international legal acts that regulate labor relations of children and adolescents, as well as the problems of their international legal protection. It is proved that child labor is considered as work, the performance of which is harmful and dangerous for the child and is prohibited by international and national law. The differences over the definition of child labor and child labor are emphasized. It is noted that the concept of child labor includes a negative meaning, and child labor involves the legal use of children's labor in compliance with their labor rights and freedoms. The analysis of the main components of the categories of child labor is carried out: the performance of work by a child who has reached the minimum age in accordance with the national legislation of the state and the worst forms of child labor. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the ILO's approach to the problem of establishing a boundary between acceptable and unacceptable work: the performance by children and adolescents of work that affects their health and development that does not interfere with education is recognized as a positive phenomenon. It is noted that the provisions of the ILO International Program on the Abolition of IPEC Child Labor are of great importance for all countries, as they are implemented in close cooperation with the authorities, their main goal is the constant intolerance of all countries to the worst forms of child labor. The causes of child labor and their consequences are determined, the priority directions of child labor eradication are indicated. It is concluded that the involvement of children in work can affect not only the moral indicators, the level of education in the country, but also the economic weakness of states. The task of the world community in the near future is to eradicate all forms of child and adolescent work as soon as possible within the framework of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. States' ratifications of ILO conventions on children should be the basis for national mechanisms to protect the labor rights of children and adolescents.
The article addresses the analysis of international legal acts that regulate the labor relations of domestic workers, as well as related problems. The peculiarities of such regulation and its characteristic features are determined. Due to the fact that the problem of regulating the activities of employees who perform work on household services under the employment contract today is global in nature, it is relevant to many countries around the world concerning the basic standards and guarantees for those employed under the contract and engaged in housework. The means established by law to provide decent work conditions for domestic workers, as well as protection against discrimination, various forms of violence and interference in the privacy of domestic workers are determined. The methodological basis of the study were general and special methods of cognition. The dialectical method examines the problems of legal regulation of international norms of employment of domestic workers and their relation to a number of trends that have different effects on international labor law. Formal-logical and systematic methods were used in the study of the content of international legal acts governing the employment of domestic workers. The main result of the study is the regulation through international legal acts of relations concerned with the use of hired labor of domestic workers, improving its conditions, protection against discrimination and creating conditions for the free exercise of their ability to work within national laws as well as for comparative legal analysis and ways of existing systems improvement. Emphasis is also placed on increasing the role and need for recognition of legal mechanisms for the protection of labor rights of domestic workers, improvement of international legal norms aiming at their protection.
Using scientific knowledge to identify, interpret the concepts of effectiveness, efficiency, criteria, and in conjunction with the need to comply with the principle of court independence, argues the complexity of the methodological point of view to develop objective evaluation criteria, including the qualification of judges or applicants on the vacancy of a judge. Due to the systematic connection with the main problems of enforcement of the mentioned body of judicial administration, the directions of optimization of the evaluation criteria during the exercise of control by the High Council of Justice on the activity of the courts (judges) are distinguished and characterized as an element of improving its efficiency. It is emphasized that the critical evaluation of the activity of the High Qualifications Commission of Judges of Ukraine in expert, scientific and political circles is carried out, as a rule, selectively, in terms of specifics, problems of realization of one or another aspect of administrative powers by a given body of judicial administration. However, quite often only the disadvantages, poor quality, manipulability, opacity of work are singled out, and the development of directions of optimization of evaluation criteria during the implementation of appropriate control is practically not carried out. It is noted that the Public Council of International Experts, the Public Council of Integrity, other members of the public will also be able to use standardized formats to adhere to the requirements of judicial ethics for integrity, to gather materials and evidence, to formulate malpractice assumptions, in its own supervisory activities over judges. commission of judges in the evaluation of the person. It is proposed to establish three criteria for qualification assessment: 1) professional competence; 2) motivational-psychological, communication-cognitive competence; 3) professional ethics and integrity.
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