In tubers of two potato cultivars and in one apple cultivar, water clusters, consisting of 11 ± 1, 100, 178, 280, 402, 545, 715, 903, 119, 1351, 1606 and 1889 molecules, were directly (in-vivo) analyzed by gravitation spectroscopy. The clusters’ interactions with their surroundings during plant growth in summer 2006 in Germany were described where a model represents the states of water clusters in bio matrices. Furthermore, a comparison with clusters in irrigation water (river, rain) is given. To achieve a high and good quality yield it is necessary to choose the right irrigation water that has to correspond with the water cluster super structure in plants. The formation energy for the (H2O)280 cluster during plant growth is between 0.4 and 1.3 kJ/mol. Water clusters were found to communicate with surroundings by resonance field oscillations. The main cluster parameters which were investigated are intensities of oscillations, average molecular masses, rate of collapsed clusters, and total number of clusters in ensemble during potato (apple) growth. A correlation between the change of water cluster ensembles in plants with molecular masses of all clusters in isolated starch (in-vitro) during plant growth process is discussed. In particular for potato tubers’ growth, there was observed a correlation between water cluster development and average molecular masses of amylopectin super coils. The com-munication of plants with each other and with surroundings proceeds by resonance field of oscillating water clusters. Planet gravitation was found to influence the water cluster structure in plants
Using the flicker-noise method (FNM), we investigated the oscillations of clusters in aqueous solutions of NaCl in the range of concentrations from 0.1 to 26.0 mass %. It has been established that in the solutions oscillators whose masses are similar to the masses of the models of aggregates of solvate clusters of ion pairs (SCIP) of salt with a different water content are present. In diluted solutions (<10%), the elementary SCIP has the form NaCl⋅40H 2 O. For the entire range of concentrations the SCIPs are given by structures based on the cubic system of the sodium chloride system. The base structure for them is a cube formed from 12 SCIPs of salt. The largest cluster revealed by the FNM method for all investigated concentrations of salt had a mass of +1.5 million D. The presence of NaCl in water leads to a collapse of its cluster structure, except for the smallest clusters (H 2 O) 10...11 , whose concentration increases with temperature or solution concentration. The distribution of SCIPs changes dramatically at a temperature above 300 K. The possible structures of SCIPs are given and the mechanism of their formation is discussed. Keywords: oscillations of clusters in solutions, solvate clusters of ion pairs of salt, seed NaCl crystals, cluster-formation energy, distribution of clusters in solution, flicker-noise spectroscopy.Introduction. Understanding of the structure of solutions is a topical problem of chemistry and physics. This especially concerns nanostructures based on weak cooperative interactions with formation/destruction energies at the level of a few kJ/mole. Among them are the processes of cluster formation, equilibrium of seed-crystal formation [1], decomposition and formation of associates [2], and cooperative interactions in organized biological systems [3,4]. The energy effects of these processes are often below the sensitivity thresholds of most instruments used. Signals from weak interactions are masked by electronic instrumentation noise and energy fluxes from the outside, which complicates their identification and understanding. As we see it, this problem can be solved by using modern computers and familiar mathematical methods for "clearing" signals and representing large bodies of information in a form convenient for comprehension.Interacting objects of investigation can be weak interactions in a liquid, e.g., in water. It is known that the structure of water is an aggregate of tiny volumes with the structure of ice, polymer formations (H 2 O) n , and individual molecules ([5], p. 78), which are easily formed and destroyed under the action of very weak energy fluxes. For example, a water cluster (Fig. 1) composed of 280 molecules is a typical example of the problem of revealing and establishing the far nanostructure of a liquid.Analogs of larger clusters are known in physics and chemistry [4], and the problem of their role and identification is topical.With the use of the methods of X-ray spectroscopy of substances in the liquid state, periodic formations whose spectra are partially ide...
A new non-destructive method to analyze rapidly the domain structure of proteins (lysozyme, chymotrypsinogen-A, ovalbumin, albumin), protein solutions (water and buffer systems), and biomatrices containing proteins (hen eggs) has been developed. The gravitational mass spectra of lysozyme and chymotrypsinogen-A obtained from their solutions in buffer and water are given, the signals of domains, coils, sub micellar and micellar structures are discussed. Domains, coils and coils of protein associates are concluded to be emerged compelled at the expense of energy clusters (EC) in stationary gravitational waves of the space, in accordance with EC only certain domains are able to exist.
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